Blood in Stool: Causes and When to Seek Help - Surgery

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Seeing blood in your stool can be alarming, and it's important to understand the potential causes and when to seek medical attention. Blood in the stool can manifest in various ways, including bright red blood on toilet paper, red water in the toilet bowl, or even darker, tarry stools, which may indicate bleeding higher in the gastrointestinal tract.


Possible Causes of Blood in Stool
1. Hemorrhoids: One of the most common causes of bright red blood on toilet paper or in the toilet bowl is hemorrhoids. These are swollen veins in the lower rectum or anus that can bleed during bowel movements, especially if there is straining involved.

2. Anal Fissures: Small tears in the lining of the anus, often caused by passing hard stools, can also lead to bright red blood. This is usually accompanied by pain during bowel movements.

3. Diverticular Disease: Diverticulosis, which involves small pouches forming in the colon wall, can lead to diverticulitis when these pouches become inflamed or infected. This condition can cause bleeding and abdominal pain.

4. Gastrointestinal Infections: Certain infections can cause inflammation and bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract. This can be due to bacteria, viruses, or parasites.

5. Polyps or Colorectal Cancer: Polyps are growths on the lining of the colon or rectum that can bleed. While most polyps are benign, some can develop into cancer. Colorectal cancer can also present with blood in the stool, especially in later stages.

6. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Conditions like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis can cause inflammation in the digestive tract, leading to bleeding.

7. Angiodysplasia: This is a condition characterized by abnormal blood vessels in the gastrointestinal tract that can lead to bleeding.


When to Seek Medical Help
You should seek medical attention if you notice blood in your stool, especially if:
- The bleeding is persistent or recurrent.

- You experience significant abdominal pain or discomfort.

- You have other symptoms such as fever, chills, or unexplained weight loss.

- You feel faint, dizzy, or weak, which could indicate significant blood loss.


What to Expect at the Doctor's Office
When you visit a healthcare provider, they will likely perform a thorough history and physical examination. They may ask about:
- The amount and color of the blood.

- Any associated symptoms (pain, changes in bowel habits, etc.).

- Your medical history and any medications you are taking.

Diagnostic tests may include:
- Blood tests: To check for anemia or signs of infection.

- Stool tests: To look for pathogens or blood.

- Colonoscopy: A procedure where a flexible tube with a camera is inserted into the rectum to visualize the colon and rectum directly. This is often the best way to identify the source of bleeding.


Conclusion
While blood in the stool can be caused by benign conditions like hemorrhoids or anal fissures, it can also indicate more serious issues such as polyps or colorectal cancer. It is crucial to take this symptom seriously and consult a healthcare professional for a proper evaluation and diagnosis. Early intervention can lead to better outcomes, especially if a serious condition is identified. Remember, your health is paramount, and seeking help is always the best course of action when you notice concerning symptoms.