Blood in Stool: Causes and When to Seek Help - Surgery

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Blood in the stool can be alarming and may indicate a range of medical conditions, some of which require immediate attention. The presence of bright red blood in the toilet bowl or on toilet paper can be a sign of bleeding in the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which includes the colon and rectum. Here are some potential causes and considerations regarding this symptom.


Common Causes of Blood in Stool
1. Hemorrhoids: One of the most common causes of bright red blood in the stool is hemorrhoids, which are swollen blood vessels in the rectum or anus. They can cause pain, itching, and bleeding, especially during bowel movements.

2. Anal Fissures: These are small tears in the lining of the anus, often caused by passing hard stools. They can lead to sharp pain and bleeding during bowel movements.

3. Diverticular Disease: Diverticulosis, which involves the formation of small pouches in the colon wall, can lead to diverticulitis when these pouches become inflamed or infected, resulting in bleeding.

4. Colorectal Polyps or Cancer: Polyps are growths on the lining of the colon that can bleed. Some polyps can develop into cancer over time, making it essential to monitor and remove them if necessary.

5. Gastrointestinal Infections: Certain infections can cause inflammation and bleeding in the GI tract. This can be due to bacteria, viruses, or parasites.

6. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Conditions like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis can lead to inflammation and bleeding in the intestines.

7. Angiodysplasia: This is a condition characterized by abnormal blood vessels in the GI tract, which can lead to bleeding.


When to Seek Medical Help
It is crucial to seek medical attention if you notice blood in your stool, especially if accompanied by other symptoms such as:
- Severe abdominal pain: This could indicate a more serious condition that requires immediate evaluation.

- Persistent bleeding: If the bleeding does not stop or worsens, it is essential to seek help.

- Changes in bowel habits: Such as diarrhea or constipation that lasts more than a few days.

- Weight loss: Unexplained weight loss can be a sign of a more serious underlying condition.

- Fatigue or weakness: These symptoms may indicate significant blood loss or anemia.


Diagnostic Approach
When you visit a healthcare provider, they will likely perform a thorough history and physical examination. They may recommend tests such as:
- Blood tests: To check for anemia and other abnormalities.

- Stool tests: To identify any infections or blood.

- Colonoscopy: A procedure that allows the doctor to view the inside of the colon and rectum, which can help identify the source of bleeding.


Conclusion
Blood in the stool should never be ignored, as it can signify various conditions, some of which may require urgent treatment. If you experience this symptom, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional promptly for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management. Early intervention can often lead to better outcomes, especially in cases involving serious conditions like colorectal cancer or significant gastrointestinal bleeding. Always prioritize your health and seek help when in doubt.