Does HPV Increase the Risk of Oral Cancer? Symptoms and Screening Options - Otolaryngology

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Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a group of more than 200 related viruses, some of which are known to cause various types of cancers, including cervical cancer and oropharyngeal (throat) cancers. HPV type 58, which you mentioned, is primarily associated with cervical cancer, but it is essential to understand that certain high-risk HPV types can also contribute to the development of oral cancers.


HPV and Oral Cancer Risk
Engaging in oral sex with a partner who has HPV can potentially increase the risk of oral HPV infection. While the exact risk of developing oral cancer from HPV through oral sex is still being studied, it is known that HPV can be transmitted through oral-genital contact. The presence of HPV in the oral cavity can lead to oropharyngeal cancers, particularly with high-risk HPV types like HPV 16 and 18. However, HPV 58 is not commonly linked to oral cancers, and the overall risk of developing oral cancer from HPV is relatively low compared to other risk factors, such as tobacco use and heavy alcohol consumption.


Symptoms of Oral Cancer
Oral cancer can present with various symptoms, and it is crucial to be aware of them. Common symptoms include:
- Persistent sores or ulcers in the mouth that do not heal
- A lump or thickening in the cheek or neck
- Difficulty swallowing or chewing
- Changes in voice or speech
- White or red patches on the gums, tongue, or lining of the mouth
- Pain or discomfort in the mouth or throat
If you experience any of these symptoms, especially if they persist for more than two weeks, it is advisable to seek medical evaluation.


Screening for Oral HPV and Cancer
Screening for oral HPV is not as standardized as it is for cervical cancer. However, if you are concerned about HPV or oral cancer, you can consult with a healthcare provider, preferably an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist or a dentist experienced in oral pathology. They may perform a thorough examination of your oral cavity and throat and, if necessary, conduct further tests such as:
- Visual Examination: A thorough inspection of the oral cavity for any abnormalities.

- Biopsy: If suspicious lesions are found, a biopsy may be performed to determine if cancerous cells are present.

- HPV Testing: Some specialized centers may offer HPV testing for oral samples, but this is not widely available.


Vaccination and Prevention
If you are concerned about HPV, it is worth noting that the HPV vaccine can help prevent infections from the most common high-risk HPV types. However, if you are already infected with a specific HPV type, the vaccine will not be effective against that type. It is still beneficial to discuss vaccination with your healthcare provider, as it can protect against other strains of HPV that you may not have been exposed to yet.


Conclusion
In summary, while HPV can increase the risk of oral cancer, the specific risk associated with HPV type 58 and oral sex is not well established. Being vigilant about oral health and recognizing the symptoms of oral cancer is essential. If you have concerns about HPV or oral cancer, consulting with a healthcare professional for personalized advice and potential screening options is the best course of action. Regular dental check-ups and open communication with your partner about sexual health can also contribute to better outcomes.