Delayed Menstruation: Causes and Concerns in Women

Delayed menstruation?

Symptoms: Hello doctor, my girlfriend's period came two weeks early last month due to taking birth control pills.
We had intercourse on April 9 and April 10, but we used the withdrawal method.
Her period was expected on April 16, but it has been almost seven days and she still hasn't gotten it.
She checked online for signs of pregnancy and only has breast tenderness, with no back pain or other symptoms.
Her discharge is normal and not excessive.
We are wondering if the delay could be related to her taking birth control pills last time.
Thank you.

Mr. Wu, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2016/04/21

Dr. Cao Guotao reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

Hello, a pregnancy test is usually reliable 12 days after conception.
It is best to take preventive measures beforehand.
If your period is more than a week late, it is advisable to consult a gynecologist.
Wishing you good health.

Reply Date: 2016/04/21

More Info

Delayed menstruation can be a source of concern for many women, and understanding the potential causes is essential for addressing any underlying issues. In your case, your girlfriend's menstrual cycle has been affected by recent hormonal changes due to the use of emergency contraception, which can lead to irregularities in her cycle.
Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) can disrupt the normal hormonal balance in the body, leading to changes in the menstrual cycle. It is not uncommon for women to experience a delay in their period after taking ECPs, as these medications work primarily by delaying ovulation. If ovulation is delayed, menstruation will also be delayed. In your girlfriend's case, since she took the emergency contraceptive pill, it is possible that this has contributed to her delayed menstruation.

In addition to hormonal influences, other factors can also affect the menstrual cycle. Stress, changes in diet, exercise, and significant lifestyle changes can all play a role in menstrual irregularities. If your girlfriend has been experiencing any emotional or physical stress, this could also contribute to her delayed period. Stress can lead to hormonal fluctuations that affect ovulation and menstruation.

Regarding the symptoms your girlfriend is experiencing, such as breast tenderness without other typical signs of pregnancy, it is important to note that breast tenderness can occur for various reasons, including hormonal changes related to the menstrual cycle or the use of hormonal contraceptives. The absence of other symptoms, such as cramping or unusual discharge, may suggest that pregnancy is less likely, especially since you mentioned that there was no ejaculation inside her.

If her period does not arrive soon, it may be advisable for her to take a home pregnancy test to rule out pregnancy. These tests are generally reliable and can provide peace of mind. If the test is negative and her period still does not come, it would be wise for her to consult with a healthcare provider. A doctor can perform further evaluations, including blood tests, to assess hormone levels and determine if there are any other underlying issues that need to be addressed.

In summary, delayed menstruation can be attributed to various factors, including hormonal changes from contraceptive use, stress, and lifestyle changes. While it is likely that the emergency contraceptive pill has played a role in your girlfriend's delayed period, it is essential to monitor her symptoms and consider a pregnancy test if her period does not arrive soon. If there are ongoing concerns, seeking medical advice is the best course of action to ensure her reproductive health is managed appropriately.

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