Fever Symptoms After Bladder Removal Surgery - Urology

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Fever after bladder removal surgery, also known as cystectomy, can be a concerning symptom for both patients and their families. Your father's experience of intermittent fever two weeks post-surgery, with temperatures around 37.5 to 37.6 degrees Celsius, is not uncommon, but it does warrant careful consideration and monitoring.

1. Is this fever phenomenon normal? What are the common causes?
Postoperative fever can occur for several reasons. In the immediate postoperative period, it is often due to the body's inflammatory response to surgery. This is sometimes referred to as "surgical fever," which typically resolves within a few days as the body heals. However, persistent or recurrent fever, especially beyond the first few days, can indicate other complications.

Common causes of fever after bladder removal surgery include:
- Infection: This is the most common cause of postoperative fever. Infections can occur at the surgical site, in the urinary tract, or even in the lungs (pneumonia) if the patient has been immobile or intubated during surgery. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are particularly relevant after bladder surgery, as the urinary system is directly involved.

- Abscess Formation: Sometimes, fluid collections or abscesses can develop in the abdominal cavity post-surgery, leading to fever and localized pain.

- Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) or Pulmonary Embolism (PE): These conditions can also cause fever and are more common in patients who have undergone major surgeries and may have limited mobility.

- Drug Fever: Occasionally, medications administered during or after surgery can cause fever as a side effect.

- Thromboembolic Events: Conditions like DVT or PE can also lead to fever, particularly if they cause inflammation in the body.

2. Can tests be done to confirm the cause of the fever and provide treatment?
Yes, several tests can help identify the underlying cause of the fever. Here are some common diagnostic approaches:
- Blood Tests: A complete blood count (CBC) can help identify signs of infection (elevated white blood cell count) or inflammation (elevated C-reactive protein or ESR). Blood cultures may also be performed to check for systemic infections.

- Urinalysis and Urine Culture: Given the urinary tract's involvement in bladder surgery, testing the urine can help identify any infections.

- Imaging Studies: If there is suspicion of an abscess or other complications, imaging studies such as ultrasound or CT scans may be necessary to visualize the abdominal cavity and identify any fluid collections or other issues.

- Physical Examination: A thorough examination by the healthcare provider can help assess for signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, or discharge at the surgical site.

In conclusion, while some degree of fever can be expected after bladder removal surgery, persistent or recurrent fever should be investigated further. It is essential to communicate openly with your father's healthcare team about these symptoms. They can provide guidance on the appropriate tests and treatments based on your father's specific situation. Monitoring his overall condition, including hydration, nutrition, and any other symptoms, will also be crucial in his recovery process.