Can a High Fever of 41°C Affect Your Brain Function? - Neurology

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A high fever, particularly one reaching 41°C (105.8°F), can indeed have significant effects on the body, including the brain. However, the relationship between fever and cognitive function is complex and not entirely straightforward.
Firstly, it is important to understand that fever is a natural response of the body to infection or illness. It is part of the immune response, helping to fight off pathogens. In most cases, a fever itself does not directly cause brain damage or cognitive impairment. However, extremely high fevers can lead to complications, particularly if they are sustained over a long period or if they are accompanied by other serious symptoms.

When the body temperature rises significantly, it can lead to a condition known as hyperthermia. This can cause cellular damage, particularly in the brain, if the temperature remains elevated for an extended period. In severe cases, hyperthermia can lead to heat stroke, which is a medical emergency and can result in permanent brain damage or even death if not treated promptly.
In the context of your question about becoming "dumb" or experiencing a decline in intelligence due to a high fever, it is essential to clarify that while a high fever can lead to temporary cognitive dysfunction, such as confusion or difficulty concentrating, it does not typically result in permanent changes to intelligence. The brain is resilient, and once the underlying cause of the fever is treated and the temperature returns to normal, cognitive function usually improves.

For individuals who have experienced a high fever, especially if it was accompanied by other symptoms such as seizures, confusion, or prolonged unconsciousness, it is crucial to seek medical attention. Doctors may perform various tests to assess brain function, including imaging studies like MRI or CT scans, and neurological evaluations.

In summary, while a high fever of 41°C can lead to temporary cognitive issues, it does not inherently cause permanent changes in intelligence. The key is to monitor the fever closely, manage it appropriately, and seek medical care if it persists or is accompanied by severe symptoms. If you or someone else experiences a high fever, it is advisable to stay hydrated, rest, and consult a healthcare professional for guidance on treatment options, including medications to reduce fever and address any underlying infections.