White Bumps on the Tongue: Causes and Treatments

White bumps on the tongue?

Hello, about two weeks ago, I developed a bump that looked like a blister under my tongue.
At that time, I thought it was due to stress and irregular eating habits, so I didn't seek medical attention.
A few days ago, while eating, it started to resemble a pimple and became white, then it seemed to be falling off and bled a little.
When I looked in the mirror, I noticed that it had indeed fallen off halfway, with part of it still attached to the tissue of my tongue.
Since it was late and there were no clinics open, my family helped me use a medical tweezers to remove it.
The process was painless and there wasn't much bleeding.
Afterward, when I squeezed it, it resembled a pimple with pus coming out, but there was also a whitish solid substance inside that looked like a comedo.
Until today, I have developed another bump under my tongue that looks very similar to the previous one.
What could this symptom be? Thank you, doctor.

Bi Bi, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2016/05/07

Dr. Zeng Guanghui reply Dentistry

A blister-like lesion has developed under the tongue, appearing white and resembling a pustule.
When squeezed, it releases a purulent discharge containing a whitish solid similar to a comedone.
It later recurred, which may indicate inflammation or infection of the salivary glands under the tongue.
It is advisable to consult a dentist or an oral surgeon for further evaluation and treatment.

Reply Date: 2016/05/07

More Info

Understanding white bumps on the tongue can be quite concerning, especially when they change in appearance or cause discomfort. Based on your description, it sounds like you may be experiencing a condition known as a mucocele or possibly a type of oral ulcer. Here’s a detailed explanation of potential causes, symptoms, and treatments.

Possible Causes
1. Mucoceles: These are fluid-filled sacs that can develop on the tongue or the inside of the mouth. They often occur due to trauma, such as biting the tongue or irritation from braces or dentures. Mucoceles can appear as clear or white bumps and may burst, releasing a thick, clear fluid.

2. Oral Candidiasis (Thrush): This fungal infection can cause white patches or bumps on the tongue and inside the mouth. It is often associated with a weakened immune system, antibiotic use, or certain health conditions like diabetes.

3. Oral Herpes: Caused by the herpes simplex virus, this condition can lead to painful sores or blisters in the mouth, including on the tongue. These can sometimes appear white or yellowish and may be accompanied by other symptoms like fever or swollen lymph nodes.

4. Fordyce Spots: These are small, painless, pale bumps that can appear on the lips and inside the mouth. They are sebaceous glands that are not associated with any disease and do not require treatment.

5. Lichen Planus: This is an inflammatory condition that can affect the mucous membranes in the mouth, leading to white patches or bumps. It may be associated with other skin conditions and can cause discomfort.

6. Leukoplakia: This condition involves the formation of white patches on the tongue or inside the mouth, which can be precancerous. It is often linked to tobacco use or irritation.

Symptoms to Monitor
- Pain or Discomfort: If the bumps are painful or cause difficulty in eating or speaking, it’s important to seek medical advice.

- Bleeding: As you mentioned, if there is bleeding when the bump is manipulated, it could indicate an ulcer or a more serious condition.

- Duration: If the bumps persist for more than two weeks or recur frequently, it’s advisable to consult a healthcare provider.

- Associated Symptoms: Fever, swollen lymph nodes, or systemic symptoms may indicate an underlying infection or condition that needs treatment.

Treatment Options
1. Home Care: For mucoceles, they often resolve on their own. Maintaining good oral hygiene, avoiding irritants (like spicy foods), and using warm saltwater rinses can help soothe the area.

2. Antifungal Medications: If oral thrush is diagnosed, antifungal medications such as nystatin or fluconazole may be prescribed.

3. Pain Relief: Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help manage discomfort.

4. Cauterization or Surgical Removal: If the bumps are persistent or problematic, a healthcare provider may recommend cauterization or surgical removal, especially for mucoceles or suspicious lesions.

5. Regular Monitoring: If leukoplakia or lichen planus is suspected, regular monitoring and follow-up with a healthcare provider are essential to ensure no progression to more serious conditions.

When to See a Doctor
It’s crucial to consult a healthcare provider if you notice any of the following:
- The bumps do not improve or worsen over time.

- You experience significant pain or difficulty swallowing.

- There are changes in your overall health, such as fever or fatigue.

- You have a history of oral lesions or other risk factors for oral cancer.

In conclusion, while white bumps on the tongue can arise from various benign conditions, persistent or painful lesions warrant professional evaluation to rule out more serious issues. Always prioritize your health and seek medical advice when in doubt.

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