Gynecomastia: Causes, Diagnosis, and Surgical Options - Plastic Surgery

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Gynecomastia is a condition characterized by the enlargement of breast tissue in males, which can be caused by an imbalance between estrogen and testosterone levels. It is important to understand the underlying causes, diagnosis, and potential surgical options available for treatment.


Causes of Gynecomastia
Gynecomastia can occur due to various factors, including:
1. Hormonal Changes: During puberty, hormonal fluctuations can lead to temporary gynecomastia. Most cases resolve on their own as hormone levels stabilize.


2. Medications: Certain medications, such as anti-androgens, anabolic steroids, and some antidepressants, can contribute to breast tissue growth.

3. Health Conditions: Conditions such as liver disease, kidney disease, hyperthyroidism, and tumors affecting hormone-producing glands can lead to gynecomastia.

4. Substance Use: Alcohol, marijuana, and other drugs can also play a role in the development of gynecomastia.


Diagnosis
To determine whether the breast enlargement is due to glandular tissue or fat, a healthcare provider will typically perform a physical examination and may recommend imaging studies such as an ultrasound. This can help differentiate between gynecomastia (which involves glandular tissue) and pseudogynecomastia (which is primarily fat tissue).
In your case, at 17 years old and with a height of 175 cm and weight of 62 kg, it is not uncommon to have some breast tissue prominence, especially if you are still going through puberty. Hormonal changes during this time can lead to temporary gynecomastia.

Surgical Options
If gynecomastia persists beyond puberty or causes significant psychological distress, surgical options may be considered. The most common procedures include:
1. Liposuction: This technique is used to remove excess fat from the breast area. It is most effective for cases where gynecomastia is primarily due to fat rather than glandular tissue.

2. Mastectomy: In cases where there is significant glandular tissue, a surgical procedure called mastectomy may be performed to remove the breast tissue. This can be done through small incisions, minimizing scarring.


Age Considerations for Surgery
Surgery is typically considered when gynecomastia has been present for at least 12 months and is not expected to resolve on its own. While there is no strict age limit, most surgeons prefer to wait until the patient is at least 18 years old to ensure that breast development has stabilized. However, in some cases, surgery may be performed earlier if the condition is severe and causing significant emotional distress.


Conclusion
In summary, gynecomastia can be a common condition among adolescents, often resolving on its own. If you are concerned about the prominence of your breast tissue, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare provider who can assess your situation, possibly perform imaging studies, and discuss whether surgical options are appropriate for you. Remember that maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular exercise, can also help manage body composition and overall health. If surgery is considered, a thorough discussion with a qualified surgeon will provide you with the necessary information to make an informed decision.