External Hemorrhoids: Symptoms and Management - Surgery

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External hemorrhoids are swollen veins located around the anus and lower rectum, similar to varicose veins. They can cause discomfort, pain, and bleeding, especially during bowel movements. Your description of a small lump near the anus that has changed in size and has caused some pain and bleeding is consistent with the symptoms of external hemorrhoids.


Symptoms of External Hemorrhoids
1. Pain and Discomfort: This is often the most noticeable symptom. Pain can occur during bowel movements or when sitting. The pain may subside after a period of rest, as you mentioned.

2. Swelling: The lump you described may be a swollen hemorrhoid. This swelling can increase during bowel movements or when straining.

3. Bleeding: Bright red blood on the toilet paper or in the toilet bowl after a bowel movement is a common sign of hemorrhoids. This bleeding is usually painless.

4. Itching or Irritation: The area around the anus may become itchy or irritated, which can be exacerbated by hygiene products or excessive cleaning.


Management of External Hemorrhoids
1. Dietary Changes: Increasing fiber intake can help soften stools and reduce straining during bowel movements, which is crucial for managing hemorrhoids. Foods rich in fiber include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes. Staying well-hydrated is also essential.

2. Over-the-Counter Treatments: There are various topical treatments available, such as creams or ointments containing hydrocortisone or witch hazel, which can help reduce inflammation and relieve pain.

3. Warm Baths: Soaking in a warm bath for 10-15 minutes several times a day can help soothe the area and reduce discomfort.

4. Cold Compresses: Applying a cold compress to the affected area can help reduce swelling and numb the pain.

5. Avoid Straining: It’s important to avoid straining during bowel movements, as this can exacerbate hemorrhoids. If you find it difficult to pass stools, consider using a stool softener or a fiber supplement.

6. Medical Treatments: If symptoms persist or worsen, it may be necessary to consult a healthcare provider. They may recommend procedures such as rubber band ligation, sclerotherapy, or, in severe cases, surgical removal of the hemorrhoids.


When to Seek Medical Attention
You should seek medical attention if:
- The pain becomes severe or does not improve with home treatment.

- You experience significant bleeding that does not stop after a few minutes.

- The lump becomes very large or is accompanied by other symptoms such as fever or severe abdominal pain.


Conclusion
Based on your symptoms, it seems likely that you are experiencing external hemorrhoids. The changes in size and pain you described could be due to inflammation or thrombosis (a clot forming within the hemorrhoid). Since you have noticed some improvement with dietary changes, continue to focus on maintaining a high-fiber diet and staying hydrated. However, if your symptoms persist or worsen, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and appropriate management.