Do You Need a Second Dose of Emergency Contraceptive Pills?

How to take it correctly?

Hello doctor, my girlfriend and I had sexual intercourse on August 12.
Immediately afterward, we went to buy emergency contraception to take.
Her last menstrual period was from July 27 to July 31.
Should she take a second dose? What could happen?

A He, 10~19 year old female. Ask Date: 2016/08/13

Dr. Cao Guotao reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

Hello, emergency contraceptive pills should be taken within 48 hours after unprotected intercourse, and their effectiveness is approximately 90% to 95%.
It is best to use preventive measures beforehand.
Wishing you good health.

Reply Date: 2016/08/13

More Info

When it comes to emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs), it's essential to understand how they work and when they should be taken for maximum effectiveness. ECPs are designed to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse or contraceptive failure, such as a broken condom. The two most common types of ECPs are those containing levonorgestrel (Plan B One-Step) and ulipristal acetate (ella).
In your case, since you and your girlfriend had unprotected sex on August 12 and took an emergency contraceptive pill immediately afterward, you have already taken the necessary step to prevent pregnancy. The effectiveness of ECPs is highest when taken as soon as possible after unprotected intercourse, ideally within 72 hours for levonorgestrel and up to 120 hours for ulipristal acetate.
Regarding your question about whether a second dose is needed, it depends on the type of ECP taken and the timing of your girlfriend's menstrual cycle. If she took levonorgestrel, one dose is typically sufficient. However, if she took ulipristal acetate, it is also a single-dose treatment.
It's important to note that ECPs are not intended for regular use and should not replace regular contraceptive methods. They are less effective than regular contraceptive methods and can cause side effects such as nausea, fatigue, headache, and changes in the menstrual cycle.
Since your girlfriend's last menstrual period was from July 27 to July 31, it is also crucial to consider her menstrual cycle. If her cycle is regular, she would expect her next period around August 24 to August 31. If her period is delayed by more than a week from the expected date, it would be advisable for her to take a pregnancy test to confirm whether she is pregnant.

In summary, if your girlfriend took the emergency contraceptive pill as directed after unprotected intercourse, a second dose is generally not necessary. However, if there are any concerns about her menstrual cycle or potential side effects, it would be best for her to consult with a healthcare provider for personalized advice. They can provide guidance on what to expect after taking ECPs and discuss ongoing contraceptive options to prevent future unintended pregnancies.
Lastly, it's essential to maintain open communication with your partner about contraceptive methods and sexual health to ensure both of you are comfortable and informed about your choices.

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