Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: Symptoms and Treatment Options

Meibomian gland dysfunction

Doctor, I had an eye infection from wearing contact lenses for the past two months.
I have seen doctors multiple times, but I still wear them.
Currently, I have stopped wearing them for over a month.
When I visited the doctor, he said I do not have dry eye syndrome.
Two weeks ago, the doctor told me I was healed and could continue wearing contacts.
However, my eyes feel dry in the morning, and after staring at a screen for a long time, they also feel sore and gritty.
If I stay up late, my eyes feel dry and sore the next day, and they feel uncomfortable when exposed to wind.
I have tried using artificial tears like Pataday, but they haven't helped.
I recently read online about meibomian gland dysfunction, which is a type of evaporative dry eye due to a lack of oil.
I would like to know if I have these symptoms and how I should treat them.
Thank you.
Is it possible for me to fully recover?

xuesheng, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2016/08/27

Dr. Cai Wenyuan reply Ophthalmology

Young people rarely experience meibomian gland dysfunction.
There are many factors that contribute to dry eye; reducing the use of contact lenses and limiting screen time with electronic devices should be helpful.
Thank you.

Reply Date: 2016/08/27

More Info

Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) is a common condition that affects the oil-producing glands in the eyelids, leading to a variety of symptoms related to dry eyes. It is often characterized by insufficient oil secretion, which is essential for maintaining a stable tear film on the surface of the eye. This dysfunction can result in symptoms such as dryness, irritation, redness, and a gritty sensation in the eyes. In your case, the symptoms you describe—dryness upon waking, discomfort after prolonged screen time, and sensitivity to wind—are indeed indicative of MGD.

Symptoms of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction
1. Dryness: A common complaint, especially upon waking or after long periods of screen use.

2. Irritation: This can manifest as a gritty or sandy sensation in the eyes.

3. Redness: The eyes may appear red or inflamed.

4. Tearing: Paradoxically, some individuals may experience excessive tearing as the eyes attempt to compensate for dryness.

5. Sensitivity to light: Bright lights may cause discomfort.

6. Eye fatigue: Prolonged focus can lead to increased discomfort and fatigue.

Treatment Options
1. Warm Compresses: Applying a warm compress to the eyes can help to loosen any blockages in the Meibomian glands and promote oil secretion. This should be done for about 10-15 minutes, several times a day.

2. Lid Hygiene: Regular cleaning of the eyelids can help remove debris and bacteria that may contribute to inflammation. Over-the-counter eyelid scrubs or diluted baby shampoo can be used for this purpose.

3. Artificial Tears: While you mentioned that artificial tears have not been effective, it may be worth trying different formulations. Look for preservative-free options or those specifically designed for MGD, which may contain additional lubricants or oils.

4. Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Dietary supplements containing omega-3 fatty acids may help improve the quality of the oil produced by the Meibomian glands. Foods rich in omega-3s, such as fish, flaxseeds, and walnuts, can also be beneficial.

5. Prescription Medications: In some cases, doctors may prescribe medications such as anti-inflammatory eye drops (e.g., cyclosporine A) or corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and improve symptoms.

6. Punctal Plugs: These are small devices inserted into the tear ducts to reduce tear drainage, thereby increasing the moisture on the surface of the eye.

7. Intense Pulsed Light Therapy (IPL): This is a newer treatment option that has shown promise in improving MGD by reducing inflammation and promoting gland function.

Prognosis
MGD is a chronic condition, but with appropriate treatment, many individuals can manage their symptoms effectively. It is essential to maintain a consistent treatment regimen and follow up with your eye care provider regularly to monitor your condition. If you continue to experience symptoms despite treatment, further evaluation may be necessary to rule out other underlying issues.

In summary, your symptoms align with Meibomian Gland Dysfunction, and there are several treatment options available that can help alleviate your discomfort. It is advisable to consult with your eye care professional to tailor a treatment plan that suits your specific needs and to ensure that your condition is managed effectively.

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