Effectiveness of Emergency Contraceptive Pills After Unprotected Sex - Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs), such as Ella (Ulipristal Acetate), are designed to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse or contraceptive failure, such as a broken condom. The effectiveness of these pills is highest when taken as soon as possible after the unprotected event. Ella can be taken up to 120 hours (5 days) after unprotected sex, and studies have shown that it is about 85% effective when taken within this time frame. However, its effectiveness decreases the longer you wait to take it after the unprotected intercourse.

In your case, since you had unprotected sex on multiple occasions around the time of your menstrual cycle, it is important to consider your ovulation cycle. Ovulation typically occurs about 14 days before your next expected period, so if your cycle is regular, you may have been in your fertile window during those dates. This means that the risk of pregnancy could be higher if you had unprotected sex close to ovulation.

Regarding the symptoms you mentioned—light bleeding, abdominal pain, and diarrhea—these can be side effects of taking emergency contraceptive pills. ECPs can cause hormonal changes in your body, leading to symptoms such as nausea, abdominal discomfort, and changes in your menstrual cycle. Light bleeding or spotting can also occur as a side effect, and it may not necessarily indicate pregnancy. If you experience these symptoms after taking the pill, it is generally considered normal.

If you are concerned about the effectiveness of the emergency contraceptive pill you took, it is advisable to take a pregnancy test about two to three weeks after the unprotected intercourse. This will give you a clearer indication of whether or not you are pregnant. If you have taken the pill and are still experiencing significant symptoms or have concerns about your health, it is best to consult with a healthcare provider for further evaluation and guidance.

In summary, emergency contraceptive pills can be effective in preventing pregnancy after unprotected sex, especially when taken promptly. While side effects can occur, they are typically temporary. If you have any lingering concerns or symptoms, seeking medical advice is always a good step to ensure your health and peace of mind.