Palpitations and Arrhythmias: Causes, Risks, and Treatment Options - Cardiology

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Palpitations and arrhythmias are common concerns that can arise from various underlying causes, and understanding these conditions is crucial for effective management. Your symptoms of palpitations, where your heart rate reaches 110 beats per minute, and the sensation of missed beats or irregular heart rhythms can be distressing. It’s good that you have sought medical attention and have undergone an echocardiogram, which revealed mild mitral valve prolapse (MVP).

Causes of Palpitations and Arrhythmias
Palpitations can be triggered by several factors, including emotional stress, anxiety, caffeine intake, certain medications, or underlying heart conditions. In your case, your doctor suspects that sympathetic nervous system activation or autonomic dysregulation may be contributing to your symptoms. MVP, while often benign, can sometimes be associated with palpitations and arrhythmias due to the structural changes in the heart.


Risks Associated with Your Symptoms
While occasional palpitations are usually harmless, persistent or severe symptoms can indicate a more serious underlying condition. The risk of complications depends on the frequency and severity of your arrhythmias. In your case, since your symptoms are intermittent and resolve after rest, the immediate risk appears to be low. However, it is essential to monitor your symptoms and report any changes, such as increased frequency, duration, or associated symptoms like chest pain or shortness of breath.


Treatment Options
Your doctor has prescribed propranolol (Inderal) and Erispan-S. Propranolol is a beta-blocker that can help manage palpitations and reduce the heart rate by blocking the effects of adrenaline on the heart. It is often used for anxiety-related palpitations and can be taken regularly or as needed, depending on your symptoms. Erispan-S, an anxiolytic, may help with anxiety that could be exacerbating your palpitations.

1. Continuous vs. As-Needed Use: It is generally advisable to follow your doctor's instructions regarding the use of these medications. If your doctor has recommended taking propranolol regularly, it may be to maintain a steady level in your system to help manage your symptoms effectively. If you are unsure, it’s best to clarify with your physician whether you should take these medications continuously or only during episodes of discomfort.

2. Lifestyle Modifications: Incorporating regular exercise can significantly improve your heart health and overall well-being. Aerobic exercises, such as walking, swimming, or cycling, can enhance your cardiovascular fitness, potentially reducing the frequency of palpitations. Additionally, practicing stress-reduction techniques such as yoga, meditation, or deep-breathing exercises can help manage anxiety and autonomic dysregulation.

3. Monitoring Symptoms: Keep a diary of your palpitations, noting when they occur, their duration, and any associated activities or stressors. This information can be valuable for your healthcare provider in assessing your condition and adjusting your treatment plan.


Conclusion
In summary, while your symptoms of palpitations and arrhythmias can be concerning, they are often manageable with appropriate treatment and lifestyle changes. Regular follow-ups with your healthcare provider are essential to monitor your condition and adjust your treatment as necessary. If your symptoms worsen or you experience new symptoms, seek medical attention promptly. Remember, maintaining a healthy lifestyle and managing stress can play a significant role in improving your heart health and reducing the frequency of palpitations.