Tongue Bumps: Causes and When to Seek ENT Care - Otolaryngology

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When it comes to bumps or lesions on the tongue, there are several potential causes, and understanding these can help determine whether you need to seek care from an Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) specialist. The presence of a bump that resembles a blister or a growth on the tongue, especially if it has been present for five months, warrants further evaluation.


Possible Causes of Tongue Bumps
1. Frictional Keratosis: This condition can occur due to repeated trauma, such as biting the tongue or rubbing against sharp teeth. The bump may appear white or flesh-colored and is usually painless unless irritated.

2. Mucocele: A mucocele is a fluid-filled cyst that can develop on the tongue due to blocked salivary glands. These are typically painless but can become bothersome if they are frequently bitten or irritated.

3. Papilloma: These are benign growths caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). They can appear as small, wart-like bumps and may require removal if they become bothersome.

4. Canker Sores (Aphthous Ulcers): While these are usually painful and transient, they can sometimes appear as bumps. They typically heal within a couple of weeks.

5. Oral Lichen Planus: This is a chronic inflammatory condition that can cause white patches or bumps on the tongue and other areas of the mouth. It may be associated with discomfort or pain.

6. Oral Cancer: Although less common, persistent bumps or lesions that do not heal can be indicative of oral cancer. This is particularly concerning if there are additional risk factors such as tobacco use or significant alcohol consumption.


When to Seek ENT Care
Given that the bump on your tongue has been present for five months, it is advisable to seek evaluation from an ENT specialist or a dentist. Here are some signs that indicate you should seek medical attention:
- Persistence: Any oral lesion that lasts longer than two weeks should be evaluated.

- Changes in Appearance: If the bump changes in size, color, or shape, or if it begins to bleed or become painful, it is important to get it checked.

- Difficulty Eating or Speaking: If the bump interferes with your ability to eat, speak, or maintain oral hygiene, it should be assessed.

- Associated Symptoms: If you experience other symptoms such as swelling, fever, or difficulty swallowing, these could indicate a more serious condition.


Conclusion
In summary, while many tongue bumps are benign and may resolve on their own, the duration of your bump (five months) suggests that it is prudent to seek a professional evaluation. An ENT specialist can perform a thorough examination, possibly including a biopsy if necessary, to determine the exact nature of the bump and recommend appropriate treatment. Early diagnosis and intervention are key to managing any potential issues effectively.