Emergency Contraceptive Pills: Pregnancy Risks After Unprotected Sex

Emergency contraceptive pill

Hello Doctor: My period started on September 14, and I had unprotected intercourse twice on September 19.
I took emergency contraception (Plan B) within an hour after intercourse.
That day coincided with my ovulation period, and I am not ready to conceive yet.
What is the likelihood of pregnancy? Thank you for your response.

Mary, 10~19 year old female. Ask Date: 2016/09/21

Dr. Cao Guotao reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

Hello, the chances of pregnancy are low, but it is best to take preventive measures at all times.
Do not rely on the calendar method for safe periods.
If your period is more than a week late, it is advisable to see a gynecologist.
Wishing you good health.

Reply Date: 2016/09/21

More Info

When it comes to understanding the risks of pregnancy after unprotected sex, especially during the ovulation period, it's essential to consider several factors, including the timing of intercourse, the use of emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs), and the individual menstrual cycle.

In your case, you mentioned that your last menstrual period started on September 14, and you had unprotected intercourse on September 19, which coincided with your ovulation period. This timing is crucial because the chances of conception are highest during ovulation, as an egg is released and can be fertilized by sperm. Sperm can survive in the female reproductive tract for up to five days, so if you had unprotected sex just before or during ovulation, there is a significant risk of pregnancy.

However, you took emergency contraception (Plan B or Anlitin) within one hour after intercourse. ECPs are designed to prevent pregnancy primarily by delaying ovulation, inhibiting fertilization, or preventing implantation of a fertilized egg. The effectiveness of ECPs is highest when taken as soon as possible after unprotected intercourse, ideally within 72 hours, but they can be effective up to five days after. Since you took the pill within one hour, you maximized your chances of preventing pregnancy.

While ECPs are effective, they are not 100% guaranteed. Studies show that ECPs can reduce the risk of pregnancy by up to 89% when taken within 72 hours after unprotected sex. However, factors such as the timing of your menstrual cycle, your overall health, and how soon after intercourse you took the pill can influence its effectiveness.

It's also important to note that after taking ECPs, some women may experience side effects such as changes in their menstrual cycle, nausea, fatigue, or breast tenderness. You may notice a change in the timing or flow of your next period, which can be a common side effect of the medication. If your period is delayed by more than a week, it is advisable to take a pregnancy test to confirm whether or not you are pregnant.

In summary, while there is a risk of pregnancy due to the timing of your unprotected intercourse during ovulation, taking emergency contraception shortly after significantly reduces that risk. If you have any concerns or experience unusual symptoms, it is always best to consult with a healthcare provider for personalized advice and support. Additionally, if you are sexually active and wish to avoid unintended pregnancies in the future, consider discussing long-term contraceptive options with your healthcare provider.

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