Keloids: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options - Dermatology

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Keloids, also known as hypertrophic scars, are raised areas of scar tissue that form at the site of an injury or incision. They can be particularly concerning for individuals with a predisposition to keloid formation, as they can develop after surgical procedures, trauma, or even minor skin injuries. Understanding keloids involves recognizing their symptoms, causes, and treatment options.


Symptoms of Keloids
Keloids typically present as raised, thickened areas of skin that can vary in color from pink to dark brown. They may feel itchy, tender, or painful, especially during the early stages of formation. In your case, the itching sensation and the irregular appearance of your surgical scar suggest that a keloid may be developing. Keloids can expand beyond the original boundaries of the wound, leading to a larger scar than the initial injury.


Causes of Keloids
The exact cause of keloid formation is not fully understood, but several factors contribute to their development:
1. Genetic Predisposition: Some individuals have a genetic tendency to develop keloids, making them more susceptible, especially those with darker skin tones.

2. Skin Type: Keloids are more common in people with certain skin types, particularly those with a higher melanin content.

3. Injury or Trauma: Any form of skin injury, including surgical incisions, can trigger keloid formation. In your case, the surgical scar from your cesarean section is a potential trigger.

4. Hormonal Factors: Changes in hormone levels, such as during pregnancy, can influence keloid formation.


Treatment Options for Keloids
When it comes to treating keloids, especially in the early stages, there are several options available:
1. Corticosteroid Injections: These are commonly used to reduce inflammation and flatten the keloid. Injections may need to be repeated every few weeks for optimal results.

2. Silicone Gel Sheets: Applying silicone gel sheets over the keloid can help flatten the scar and reduce itching. These sheets should be worn consistently for several months.

3. Cryotherapy: This involves freezing the keloid with liquid nitrogen, which can help reduce its size. This method is often used in conjunction with other treatments.

4. Laser Therapy: Laser treatments can help reduce the redness and size of keloids. This option is particularly useful for keloids that are still in the inflammatory phase.

5. Surgical Removal: In some cases, surgical excision of the keloid may be considered. However, this carries the risk of the keloid returning, sometimes larger than before. Therefore, it is often combined with other treatments, such as corticosteroid injections or radiation therapy, to minimize recurrence.

6. Radiation Therapy: This is sometimes used after surgical removal to prevent keloid recurrence, especially in high-risk patients.


Recommendations
Given your recent surgery and the symptoms you are experiencing, it is advisable to consult with a dermatologist or a plastic surgeon who specializes in scar management. They can assess your scar and recommend the most appropriate treatment based on its current state and your medical history. Early intervention is key in managing keloids effectively, so addressing the issue sooner rather than later can lead to better outcomes.

In summary, keloids can be a frustrating condition, especially for those predisposed to them. Understanding the symptoms, causes, and treatment options is crucial in managing this condition effectively. If you suspect that a keloid is forming, seeking professional advice promptly will help you navigate the best course of action.