Myopia: Causes, Correction Options, and Eye Care Tips - Ophthalmology

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Hello! Thank you for your question regarding myopia and eye care. Myopia, commonly known as nearsightedness, is a refractive error where distant objects appear blurry while close objects can be seen clearly. This condition often develops during childhood and can progress with age, particularly with increased screen time and less outdoor activity.


Causes of Myopia
The exact cause of myopia is not fully understood, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Prolonged near work activities, such as reading or using smartphones and computers, can contribute to the development and progression of myopia. Studies suggest that spending more time outdoors may help reduce the risk of developing myopia in children.


Correction Options
If you suspect that you have recently developed myopia, it is essential to consult an eye care professional for a comprehensive eye examination. If diagnosed, there are several non-surgical options to correct myopia:
1. Eyeglasses: The most common method for correcting myopia is wearing prescription glasses. They help focus light correctly onto the retina, allowing for clearer vision at a distance.

2. Contact Lenses: Similar to glasses, contact lenses can correct myopia. They sit directly on the eye and can provide a wider field of vision compared to glasses.

3. Orthokeratology (Ortho-K): This involves wearing specially designed gas-permeable contact lenses overnight, which temporarily reshape the cornea to reduce myopia during the day without the need for glasses or contacts.

4. Atropine Eye Drops: Low-dose atropine eye drops have been shown to slow the progression of myopia in children. This treatment is still under research for adults but may be an option worth discussing with your eye doctor.

5. Vision Therapy: Some optometrists offer vision therapy, which includes exercises to improve visual skills and may help with focusing issues.


Eye Care Tips
To manage your eye health and potentially slow the progression of myopia, consider the following tips:
- Follow the 20-20-20 Rule: For every 20 minutes of screen time, take a 20-second break and look at something 20 feet away. This helps reduce eye strain.

- Limit Screen Time: Try to minimize the time spent on devices, especially for prolonged periods. If you need to use your phone or computer, ensure that you take regular breaks.

- Ensure Proper Lighting: Use adequate lighting when reading or using screens to reduce strain on your eyes. Avoid using devices in the dark, as this can increase discomfort.

- Maintain a Proper Distance: Keep your screen at least an arm's length away from your eyes. Adjust your seating position to ensure you are comfortable and not straining to see.

- Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water to keep your eyes moist and reduce dryness, especially when using screens.

- Regular Eye Exams: Schedule regular check-ups with your eye care professional to monitor your vision and update your prescription as needed.


Morning Screen Use
Using your phone immediately upon waking can strain your eyes, especially if you are in a dimly lit environment. It is advisable to allow your eyes some time to adjust to the light and focus on distant objects before engaging in close-up activities.
In conclusion, while myopia can be concerning, there are various options for correction and management. By adopting healthy eye care habits and consulting with an eye care professional, you can help maintain your vision and overall eye health. If you have further questions or concerns, don't hesitate to reach out to your eye doctor for personalized advice.