Keloids: Causes and Treatment for Unexplained Scars - Dermatology

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Keloids, also known as keloid scars, are a type of raised scar that occurs when the body produces too much collagen during the healing process. They can develop after an injury, surgery, or even spontaneously without any apparent cause. This can lead to confusion, especially for individuals like yourself who have noticed unexplained scars on the shoulders and upper arms.


Causes of Keloids
The exact cause of keloids is not fully understood, but several factors are believed to contribute to their formation:
1. Genetic Predisposition: There is a hereditary component to keloid formation. If you have a family history of keloids, you may be more likely to develop them.

2. Skin Type: Keloids are more common in individuals with darker skin tones, although they can occur in anyone.

3. Location: Certain areas of the body, such as the shoulders, chest, and earlobes, are more prone to keloid formation.

4. Hormonal Factors: Some studies suggest that hormonal changes, particularly during puberty or pregnancy, may influence keloid development.

5. Injury or Trauma: While keloids often form after visible injuries, they can also arise from minor skin trauma, such as acne, insect bites, or even surgical procedures that may not have seemed significant at the time.


Symptoms of Keloids
Keloids typically present as raised, firm, and rubbery scars that can be pink, red, or darker than the surrounding skin. They may feel itchy or painful and can grow larger than the original wound. The growth can continue for months or even years after the initial injury.


Treatment Options
While keloids are benign, they can be bothersome both physically and aesthetically. Treatment options vary based on the size, location, and symptoms of the keloid:
1. Corticosteroid Injections: These are often the first line of treatment. They can help flatten the keloid and reduce itching or discomfort.

2. Surgery: Surgical removal of keloids is an option, but there is a risk of recurrence. Often, surgery is combined with other treatments, such as corticosteroid injections or silicone sheets, to minimize the chance of the keloid returning.

3. Silicone Gel Sheets: These can be applied to the keloid to help flatten it over time. They are often used after surgical removal.

4. Cryotherapy: This involves freezing the keloid with liquid nitrogen, which can help reduce its size.

5. Laser Therapy: Laser treatments can help reduce the redness and size of keloids. This is often used in conjunction with other treatments.

6. Radiation Therapy: In some cases, low-dose radiation therapy may be used after surgical removal to prevent recurrence.

7. Pressure Therapy: Applying pressure to the keloid using specialized dressings can help flatten it over time.


Conclusion
Given your situation, it is possible that the unexplained scars on your shoulders and upper arms could be keloids or hypertrophic scars, especially if they are raised and firm. It is advisable to consult with a dermatologist or a healthcare provider specializing in skin conditions for an accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment plan. They can assess the scars, discuss your medical history, and recommend the most appropriate treatment options based on your specific case.
In summary, while keloids can be frustrating and sometimes painful, there are various treatment options available that can help manage their appearance and symptoms. Early intervention often yields better outcomes, so seeking professional advice is a crucial step.