Hepatitis: Vaccination, Risks, and Virus Survival Insights

Some questions about hepatitis?

Hello Doctor:
1.
During a recent health check-up, I found a line in the report stating: "Liver examination: HBsAg negative, HBsAb negative.
Vaccination is recommended." This made me a bit worried.
Does this mean I no longer have antibodies against Hepatitis B? Should I get vaccinated again? I also heard that I need to have three blood tests and receive three doses of the vaccine.
Is it really necessary to get vaccinated so frequently?
2.
I have accidentally stepped on dried unknown liquids and dried brown unknown liquids (suspected to be dried blood) a few times.
At times, I didn't think much of it, but there were occasions when I directly washed my shoes by hand, and the wash water might have splashed into my eyes, nose, or mouth.
Additionally, I have some wounds on my hands due to eczema.
Am I at risk for Hepatitis A, B, or C?
3.
Recently, I received an email from a friend mentioning: "The Hepatitis B virus can survive outside the body for at least 7 days, and common disinfectants like alcohol and iodine, as well as high temperatures and ultraviolet disinfection methods, have no effect on the Hepatitis B virus! In summary, the Hepatitis B virus has a very strong resistance, and we must be cautious!" I would like to ask the doctor if this means that the Hepatitis B virus is indeed so resistant and can survive in a typical environment outside the human body for a week?
I have quite a few questions.
Thank you for your time, and I look forward to your response.
Thank you!

A De, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2016/11/28

Dr. Chen Shidian reply Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Hello, in Taiwan, individuals born after 1984 have received the hepatitis B vaccine.
However, antibodies may diminish after 10 to 15 years, although immune function remains intact.
Generally, there is no need for booster shots or retesting.
As long as there is no unnecessary exposure to fresh blood through wounds, you should be fine.
Changhua Hospital cares about your health.
Chen Shih-Tien

Reply Date: 2016/11/28

More Info

Hepatitis, particularly Hepatitis B (HBV), is a significant public health concern due to its potential for chronic infection and associated complications, including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Understanding the risks, vaccination protocols, and the survival of the virus in the environment is crucial for prevention and management.

1. Vaccination Against Hepatitis B: Your lab results indicating "HBsAg negative, HBsAb negative" suggest that you are neither currently infected with HBV nor have protective antibodies against it. This means you are at risk for Hepatitis B infection and should indeed consider getting vaccinated. The Hepatitis B vaccination series typically consists of three doses administered over a six-month period. The first dose is given at a chosen time, the second dose is administered one month later, and the third dose is given six months after the first. This schedule is designed to ensure adequate immune response and long-term protection. It is essential to complete the entire series to achieve full immunity.

2. Risk of Exposure to Hepatitis A, B, and C: Regarding your concerns about exposure to potentially contaminated liquids, it is important to understand the transmission routes of these viruses. Hepatitis A (HAV) is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route, often through contaminated food or water. Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C (HCV), however, are transmitted through blood and bodily fluids. If the dried liquid you encountered was indeed blood, there is a risk of HBV and HCV transmission, especially if it came into contact with open wounds or mucous membranes (eyes, nose, mouth). If you have any concerns about potential exposure, it is advisable to consult a healthcare provider for appropriate testing and guidance.

3. Survival of Hepatitis B Virus: Your friend's email about the resilience of the Hepatitis B virus is accurate. HBV can survive outside the body for at least seven days, which poses a risk for transmission if contaminated surfaces or fluids come into contact with broken skin or mucous membranes. Standard disinfection methods, such as alcohol and iodine, may not be effective against HBV, which is why it is crucial to use appropriate disinfectants specifically designed to inactivate bloodborne pathogens. This resilience underscores the importance of practicing good hygiene and taking precautions when handling potentially contaminated materials.

In summary, it is advisable for you to get vaccinated against Hepatitis B, especially given your current lack of immunity. Be cautious about potential exposure to blood or bodily fluids, and if you suspect any risk, seek medical advice promptly. Understanding the survival characteristics of HBV can help you take necessary precautions to protect yourself from infection. Regular health check-ups and awareness of your vaccination status are key components in preventing Hepatitis infections.

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