Tongue Lesions: When to Worry About Growths - Dentistry

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When it comes to tongue lesions, especially those that have changed in size or character over time, it is essential to approach the situation with caution and awareness. The symptoms you describe—a small bump on the tongue that has grown larger, accompanied by feelings of swelling and sensitivity—could indicate several underlying conditions, some of which may require medical attention.

Firstly, it is important to understand that the tongue is a muscular organ covered with mucous membrane, and it can develop various types of lesions or bumps due to numerous reasons. Common causes of tongue lesions include:
1. Trauma or Irritation: Bumps can form as a result of biting the tongue, irritation from dental appliances, or friction from rough foods. If the lesion is due to trauma, it may resolve on its own once the irritant is removed.

2. Infections: Viral infections, such as herpes simplex, can lead to painful lesions on the tongue. Fungal infections, like oral thrush, can also cause white patches or bumps. If the lesion is due to an infection, it may require specific treatment.

3. Inflammatory Conditions: Conditions such as geographic tongue or oral lichen planus can cause changes in the appearance of the tongue. Geographic tongue, for instance, presents as smooth, red patches on the tongue with white borders, and while it is usually harmless, it can cause discomfort.

4. Allergic Reactions: Allergies to certain foods or dental products can lead to swelling and lesions on the tongue. If you notice that certain foods exacerbate the symptoms, it may be worth investigating potential allergens.

5. Benign Growths: Sometimes, benign growths such as fibromas or papillomas can develop on the tongue. These are usually harmless but should be monitored for changes in size or appearance.

6. Malignant Lesions: Although less common, persistent lesions that change in size, color, or texture can be indicative of oral cancer. Risk factors include tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and HPV infection. If a lesion persists for more than two weeks or exhibits concerning characteristics, it is crucial to seek further evaluation.

Given that your lesion has changed in size and you are experiencing additional symptoms such as swelling and increased sensitivity, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional, preferably an oral surgeon or an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist. They may recommend a thorough examination, and possibly a biopsy, to determine the exact nature of the lesion.

In the meantime, it is essential to maintain good oral hygiene and avoid irritants such as spicy or acidic foods that may exacerbate the sensitivity. Additionally, if you have any history of allergies or recent changes in your diet or medications, be sure to mention these to your healthcare provider.

In summary, while many tongue lesions are benign and self-limiting, any changes in size, texture, or associated symptoms warrant professional evaluation to rule out more serious conditions. Early diagnosis and intervention can lead to better outcomes, so do not hesitate to seek medical advice.