Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Symptoms and Solutions for Young Women

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Hello doctor, I am 18 years old.
About two years ago, my menstrual cycle has been irregular, and I have to take Western medicine to induce menstruation; otherwise, I do not ovulate.
Blood tests show that my estrogen levels are normal, and I do not have excessive body hair.
However, I have gained 10 kilograms this year, mostly around my abdomen and thighs.
I have also tried traditional Chinese medicine, but my menstruation still does not come.
I had an X-ray, but the doctor did not mention anything.
Could it be that the polycystic ovary syndrome or endometriosis was not detected? Recently, I have been experiencing sharp pain in my lower right abdomen.
What should I do?

QQ, 10~19 year old female. Ask Date: 2016/12/21

Dr. Zhang Kunmin reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

A physician must not administer treatment, prescribe medication, or provide a diagnosis without a personal examination.

Hello, there are many factors that can affect the menstrual cycle, such as age, environment, lifestyle, stress, emotional instability, weight changes, medications, diet, uterine or cervical lesions, infections, pregnancy, and breastfeeding, among others.
It is recommended that you consult a gynecologist to check for hormonal imbalances or other underlying causes.
Thank you! Wishing you peace and health.

Dr.
Zhang

Reply Date: 2016/12/21

More Info

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that affects women of reproductive age. It is characterized by a combination of symptoms that can include irregular menstrual cycles, excess androgen levels (male hormones), and polycystic ovaries. Understanding PCOS is crucial, especially for young women like yourself who are experiencing symptoms.

Symptoms of PCOS
1. Irregular Menstrual Cycles: Women with PCOS often experience infrequent or prolonged menstrual periods. This is due to irregular ovulation or anovulation (lack of ovulation).

2. Excess Androgens: Elevated levels of male hormones can lead to symptoms such as acne, oily skin, and excessive hair growth (hirsutism). However, not all women with PCOS exhibit these symptoms.

3. Polycystic Ovaries: On ultrasound, the ovaries may appear enlarged and contain numerous small cysts. However, the presence of cysts is not necessary for a diagnosis of PCOS.

4. Weight Gain: Many women with PCOS experience weight gain, particularly around the abdomen. This can be exacerbated by insulin resistance, a common feature of the syndrome.

5. Other Symptoms: These can include thinning hair on the scalp, dark patches of skin (acanthosis nigricans), and mood changes.

Diagnosis
Diagnosing PCOS typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and tests. Blood tests may be conducted to check hormone levels, including androgens and insulin. An ultrasound may also be performed to visualize the ovaries. It's important to note that not all women with PCOS will have visible cysts on their ovaries, and the diagnosis can be made based on clinical symptoms and hormone levels.

Treatment Options
1. Lifestyle Changes: Weight management through diet and exercise is often the first line of treatment. Even a modest weight loss can help regulate menstrual cycles and improve insulin sensitivity.

2. Medications:
- Hormonal Birth Control: Oral contraceptives can help regulate menstrual cycles and reduce symptoms such as acne and hirsutism.

- Metformin: This medication is often prescribed to improve insulin sensitivity and can help with weight management and menstrual regularity.

- Anti-androgens: Medications like spironolactone can help reduce hirsutism and acne.

3. Fertility Treatments: If pregnancy is a goal, medications such as clomiphene citrate may be used to induce ovulation.

Addressing Your Concerns
Given your age and the symptoms you've described, including irregular periods and weight gain, it’s essential to follow up with a healthcare provider who specializes in reproductive health. The right tests, including blood tests for hormone levels and possibly an ultrasound, can help clarify your diagnosis.
The pain in your right lower abdomen could be related to several factors, including ovarian cysts or other conditions like endometriosis. It’s crucial to communicate these symptoms to your doctor, as they may require further investigation.

Conclusion
PCOS is a manageable condition, and many women with PCOS can lead healthy lives and achieve their reproductive goals with appropriate treatment. It’s important to maintain open communication with your healthcare provider, adhere to treatment plans, and make lifestyle changes that can positively impact your symptoms. If you have further concerns or experience new symptoms, don’t hesitate to seek medical advice.

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