How to Treat a Broken Nail: When to See a Doctor

Nail fracture

Based on the image, my pinky finger has been broken halfway due to an impact.
How should I handle this? Should I wait for it to break completely on its own, or should I see a doctor? Which specialist should I consult?

Niming, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2017/01/04

Dr. Wu Yuxin reply Dermatology

If it hurts, you should first see a dermatologist.

Reply Date: 2017/01/04

More Info

When dealing with a broken nail, especially one that is significantly damaged as in your case, it is important to take the right steps to ensure proper healing and to prevent any potential complications. Here’s a comprehensive guide on how to treat a broken nail and when to seek medical attention.

Immediate Care for a Broken Nail
1. Assess the Damage: First, examine the extent of the break. If the nail is only partially broken and there is no pain, swelling, or bleeding, you may be able to manage it at home. However, if there is significant pain, bleeding, or if the nail bed (the skin underneath the nail) is exposed, you should seek medical attention.

2. Clean the Area: If there is any bleeding, gently clean the area with soap and water. Avoid using alcohol or hydrogen peroxide as they can irritate the skin.

3. Protect the Nail: Cover the broken nail with a bandage or adhesive strip to protect it from further injury and to keep it clean. If the nail is hanging by a small piece of skin, do not pull it off; instead, secure it with a bandage.

4. Pain Management: If you experience pain, over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help alleviate discomfort. Follow the dosage instructions on the package.

5. Avoid Further Injury: Be cautious with the injured finger. Avoid activities that may put additional stress on the nail, such as typing or gripping objects tightly.

When to See a Doctor
You should consider seeing a doctor if:
- Severe Pain: If the pain is severe and not relieved by over-the-counter medications.

- Signs of Infection: If you notice increased redness, swelling, warmth, or pus around the nail, these may be signs of an infection.

- Nail Bed Injury: If the nail bed is exposed or if you suspect that the nail matrix (the tissue under the base of the nail) is damaged, a healthcare professional should evaluate it.

- Nail Growth Issues: If the nail does not grow back properly or if you notice changes in the nail's appearance over time, you should consult a dermatologist.

Which Doctor to See
For a broken nail, the best course of action is to see a dermatologist, as they specialize in skin, hair, and nail conditions. If there is significant trauma or if you suspect a fracture in the underlying bone, you may also need to see an orthopedic surgeon. In some cases, if there is an infection or if the injury is severe, you may be referred to a hand surgeon.

Conclusion
In summary, while minor nail injuries can often be treated at home, it is crucial to monitor the injury for any signs of complications. If you experience severe pain, signs of infection, or if the injury appears more serious than initially thought, do not hesitate to seek medical attention. Proper care and timely intervention can help ensure that your nail heals correctly and that you avoid any long-term issues.

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