Gum Cysts: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Gingival cyst

Hello, Doctor.
The day before I left for abroad, I had a teeth cleaning, and afterwards, I experienced some pain in the back left side of my mouth.
I researched online and found that it might be gingivitis.
I applied an oral anti-inflammatory ointment and took anti-inflammatory medication that I bought here, but there was little improvement; in fact, it became swollen and very painful.
I then visited a dentist here, who cleaned the area and prescribed antibiotics, stating that the cause was still unclear and that I needed to return for a follow-up.
Eventually, the pain subsided, and I canceled the follow-up appointment.
However, about a week later, I noticed a small abscess on the gum below my second-to-last tooth on the left side (which had previously undergone root canal treatment in Taiwan due to decay, and a metal crown was placed because the tooth wall had become very thin).
The abscess was not painful, so I took a needle, sterilized it by heating it, and after cooling it, I disinfected it with Betadine.
I then punctured it and drained the pus, rinsed my mouth, and applied an oral ointment (smGEL) while continuing to take anti-inflammatory medication.
After two to three days, it subsided.
However, about another week later, another small abscess appeared in the same location, approximately the size of the front of my pinky finger.
I am inquiring here because I am currently on a working holiday in Australia, and dental care is very expensive, so I would like to know the possible causes or feasible solutions, or if I must see a doctor.
Thank you, and I apologize for the trouble.

Tommy, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2017/04/12

Dr. Huang Tingfang reply Dentistry

Dear Mr.
Tommy,
Hello! As mentioned, it may be an issue related to the root canal treatment of your tooth, which is classified as chronic inflammation.
Essentially, it requires retreatment (addressing the root cause).
If that is not feasible, I recommend keeping the tooth very clean, even to the point of bleeding, to reduce inflammation and swelling.
Otherwise, medication will be necessary (symptomatic treatment).
Of course, I hope you can return to your home country for treatment soon!
Wishing you all the best! Thank you! Stay safe!
Sincerely,
Dr.
Huang Ting-Fang, Dentistry

Reply Date: 2017/04/12

More Info

Gum cysts, also known as dental cysts or periodontal cysts, are fluid-filled sacs that can develop in the gums or around the teeth. They can arise from various causes and may present with a range of symptoms. Understanding the underlying causes, symptoms, and treatment options is crucial for effective management.

Causes of Gum Cysts
1. Infection: One of the most common causes of gum cysts is infection. This can occur due to untreated dental caries (cavities), periodontal disease, or after dental procedures such as root canals. The infection can lead to the formation of pus, which accumulates and forms a cyst.

2. Dental Trauma: Trauma to the teeth or gums can also lead to the development of cysts. This can include physical injuries or even aggressive dental cleaning that irritates the gum tissue.

3. Impacted Teeth: Cysts can form around impacted teeth, particularly wisdom teeth, as the surrounding tissue reacts to the presence of the tooth.

4. Developmental Factors: Some cysts may be developmental in nature, arising from the remnants of dental tissues that did not fully develop.

5. Chronic Inflammation: Conditions that cause chronic inflammation of the gums, such as gingivitis or periodontitis, can also lead to cyst formation.

Symptoms of Gum Cysts
Gum cysts can be asymptomatic, meaning they may not cause any noticeable symptoms. However, when symptoms do occur, they may include:
- Swelling: A noticeable lump or swelling in the gum area, which may feel soft to the touch.

- Pain or Discomfort: While some cysts may not be painful, others can cause discomfort, especially if they become infected.

- Pus Drainage: If the cyst becomes infected, it may drain pus, leading to foul-smelling discharge.

- Sensitivity: Increased sensitivity in the affected tooth or surrounding area, particularly when chewing or applying pressure.

- Bad Breath: Chronic infections can lead to halitosis (bad breath).

Treatment Options
1. Professional Dental Care: The most effective treatment for gum cysts is to consult a dentist. They can accurately diagnose the cyst and determine the appropriate course of action. This may include draining the cyst, performing a root canal, or extracting the affected tooth if necessary.

2. Antibiotics: If there is an infection associated with the cyst, your dentist may prescribe antibiotics to help clear the infection.

3. Surgical Intervention: In some cases, surgical removal of the cyst may be necessary, especially if it is recurrent or causing significant issues.

4. Oral Hygiene Practices: Maintaining good oral hygiene is crucial in preventing the recurrence of gum cysts. This includes regular brushing, flossing, and routine dental check-ups.

5. Home Remedies: While not a substitute for professional care, some home remedies may provide temporary relief. Rinsing with warm salt water can help reduce inflammation and promote healing. However, if symptoms persist, it is essential to seek professional help.

Conclusion
Given your recent experiences with dental issues, it is understandable to feel concerned about the recurring cysts. While self-treatment may provide temporary relief, it is crucial to consult a dental professional for a thorough examination and appropriate treatment. Ignoring the issue could lead to more severe complications, including the risk of systemic infection or damage to surrounding teeth and tissues. If cost is a concern, consider seeking out dental schools or community health clinics that may offer services at reduced rates. Your oral health is vital, and addressing these issues promptly will help ensure a healthier future.

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