Blood in Stool: Causes and When to Seek Help - Gastroenterology and Hepatology

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Blood in the stool can be a concerning symptom, and it’s important to understand the potential causes and when to seek medical help. The presence of bright red blood on toilet paper or mixed with stool can indicate several conditions, some of which may require immediate attention.


Possible Causes of Blood in Stool
1. Hemorrhoids: One of the most common causes of bright red blood in the stool is hemorrhoids, which are swollen veins in the lower rectum or anus. They can cause pain, itching, and bleeding, especially during bowel movements.

2. Anal Fissures: These are small tears in the lining of the anus, often caused by passing hard stools. They can lead to sharp pain and bleeding during bowel movements.

3. Diverticular Disease: Diverticulosis, which involves the formation of small pouches in the colon wall, can lead to diverticulitis if these pouches become inflamed or infected. This condition can cause bleeding.

4. Gastrointestinal Infections: Certain infections can cause inflammation and bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to blood in the stool.

5. Polyps or Colorectal Cancer: While less common, polyps (growths on the colon lining) and colorectal cancer can also cause bleeding. This is particularly concerning if there are changes in bowel habits, such as increased frequency or consistency changes.

6. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Conditions like Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis can lead to inflammation and bleeding in the digestive tract.


When to Seek Help
It’s crucial to seek medical attention if you notice blood in your stool, especially if:
- The bleeding is persistent or recurrent.

- You experience significant pain or discomfort.

- You have other symptoms such as weight loss, changes in bowel habits, or abdominal pain.

- You feel faint or lightheaded, which could indicate significant blood loss.


Diagnostic Approach
Given your concerns, it’s wise to follow up with your healthcare provider. They may recommend several diagnostic tests, including:
- Physical Examination: A thorough examination can help identify external causes like hemorrhoids or fissures.

- Anoscopy or Sigmoidoscopy: These procedures allow the doctor to visualize the rectum and lower colon to identify sources of bleeding.

- Colonoscopy: This is a more comprehensive examination of the entire colon and can help detect polyps, tumors, or other abnormalities.

- Stool Tests: These can check for infections or blood that may not be visible.


Stress and Bowel Habits
You mentioned increased stress and changes in your bowel habits. Stress can indeed affect gastrointestinal function, leading to constipation or changes in bowel frequency. However, while stress can contribute to symptoms, it’s essential to rule out organic causes of bleeding.


Conclusion
In summary, while there are several benign causes of blood in the stool, it’s essential to take this symptom seriously, especially given your concerns about cancer. Following up with your doctor for further evaluation is crucial. They can provide a proper diagnosis and treatment plan tailored to your specific situation. Remember, early detection and intervention are key in managing any potential health issues effectively.