Delayed Menstruation: Causes and Effects After Surgery - Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Delayed menstruation can be a concerning issue for many individuals, especially after undergoing surgery. In your case, you mentioned having surgery for a toe tumor on June 26 and experiencing changes in your menstrual cycle since then. It is important to understand that several factors can contribute to delayed menstruation, particularly after a surgical procedure.

Firstly, surgery itself can be a significant stressor on the body. Physical stress, whether from the surgery or the recovery process, can disrupt the hormonal balance that regulates the menstrual cycle. The hypothalamus, which is responsible for controlling the release of hormones from the pituitary gland, can be affected by stress, leading to changes in the menstrual cycle. This is often referred to as "functional hypothalamic amenorrhea," where the body temporarily halts menstruation in response to stressors.

Secondly, medications administered during and after surgery can also impact your menstrual cycle. If you received hormonal medications, pain relief injections, or antibiotics, these could potentially influence your cycle. For instance, certain pain medications can affect hormonal levels, while antibiotics can alter gut flora, which may indirectly affect hormone metabolism.

Additionally, you mentioned experiencing breast engorgement ("漲奶") after your surgery. This could be related to hormonal changes in your body. After surgery, especially if you were under anesthesia or received certain medications, your body might produce higher levels of prolactin, the hormone responsible for milk production. Elevated prolactin levels can also lead to menstrual irregularities, including delayed periods.

Another factor to consider is your overall health and nutritional status post-surgery. If you experienced blood loss during surgery or have been feeling fatigued, it could lead to anemia, which can also affect your menstrual cycle. Anemia can result from various causes, including inadequate iron intake or loss of blood during surgery. If you are anemic, your body may prioritize recovery over menstruation, leading to a delayed cycle.

In summary, the delay in your menstruation can be attributed to several factors, including the physical stress of surgery, hormonal changes due to medications, and potential nutritional deficiencies like anemia. It is essential to monitor your symptoms and consult with your healthcare provider if your period does not return soon or if you experience any other concerning symptoms, such as severe pain or unusual discharge.

Your healthcare provider may recommend a blood test to check your hormone levels, including prolactin, and assess for anemia. They can also evaluate whether any additional treatments or interventions are necessary to help regulate your menstrual cycle and address any underlying issues.

In conclusion, while delayed menstruation after surgery can be concerning, it is often a temporary condition that resolves as your body recovers. However, staying in touch with your healthcare provider is crucial to ensure that any potential complications are addressed promptly.