PCOS: Long-Term Effects of Birth Control on Women's Health

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Hello Doctor, a few years ago I was diagnosed with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) at a large hospital's infertility department (with elevated male hormones and normal insulin levels).
The treatment at that time involved taking Diane-35 birth control pills for several months to lower the male hormone levels, after which I successfully conceived through artificial insemination.
A year after giving birth, my menstrual cycle became irregular again (I had to take medication to induce menstruation after three months of absence, and when it returned, it was not complete, requiring further medication to stop the bleeding; subsequent examinations still indicated PCOS).
Since I do not plan to have more children, with the agreement of my obstetrician, I continued taking Diane-35 to stabilize my menstrual cycle.
I have been on it for nearly three years now (I usually take it for six months and then stop for one to two months; typically, I restart after the second menstrual period due to irregularities).
However, last month I noticed clear fluid being discharged from one breast, so I immediately sought help from a breast surgeon.
The result showed mild inflammation with some cysts, and the breast surgeon attributed it to the birth control pills, recommending that I stop taking them.
However, once I stopped, my menstrual cycle became irregular again (currently off the medication, I notice some blood in the discharge after two to three days).
I would like to ask the doctor: 1) Does long-term use of birth control pills have any effects on the body? (For example, does it increase the risk of breast cancer?) 2) Is the pharmacological effect of Diane-35 particularly stimulating to the breasts? (The breast surgeon advised me to discuss this with my obstetrician.) Are there other contraceptives or menstrual regulation medications with lower stimulation and side effects that I could consider? Thank you, Doctor.

hudie, 30~39 year old female. Ask Date: 2017/08/12

Dr. Cao Guotao reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

Hello, if you want to avoid pregnancy, you can take contraceptive pills.
Generally, it is recommended to take them for a year and then take a break for one month.
You may consider using low-dose contraceptive pills.
Wishing you good health.

Reply Date: 2017/08/12

More Info

Understanding Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and the Long-Term Effects of Birth Control on Women's Health
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age. It is characterized by a combination of symptoms including irregular menstrual cycles, excess androgen levels (male hormones), and polycystic ovaries. Women with PCOS often face challenges related to fertility, metabolic health, and long-term health risks. Given your history of PCOS and the use of hormonal contraceptives like Diane-35 (commonly referred to as "黛麗安"), it is essential to address your concerns regarding the long-term effects of birth control on your health.

1. Long-Term Effects of Birth Control Pills:
Long-term use of hormonal contraceptives, including birth control pills, can have both positive and negative effects on women's health. On the positive side, these medications can help regulate menstrual cycles, reduce the risk of endometrial and ovarian cancers, and manage symptoms associated with PCOS, such as acne and hirsutism (excess hair growth). However, there are potential risks associated with prolonged use, including an increased risk of thromboembolic events (blood clots), particularly in women who smoke or have other risk factors.

Regarding breast cancer, studies have shown that the use of combined oral contraceptives may have a slight increase in risk, especially in women who have a family history of breast cancer or other risk factors. However, the overall risk remains low, and the benefits of using birth control for managing PCOS symptoms often outweigh the potential risks. It's crucial to have regular check-ups and discussions with your healthcare provider to monitor any changes in your health.

2. Breast Stimulation and Side Effects:
Diane-35, which contains both estrogen and progestin, can lead to breast tenderness or changes in breast tissue due to hormonal fluctuations. The transparent discharge you experienced could be related to hormonal changes induced by the medication. While some women may experience side effects such as breast tenderness or discharge, these symptoms are not universally experienced and can vary from person to person.

If you are concerned about the side effects of Diane-35, it is advisable to discuss alternative contraceptive options with your healthcare provider. There are various formulations of birth control pills with different hormone levels and compositions that may have a lower risk of side effects. Additionally, non-hormonal options such as copper IUDs or barrier methods could be considered if hormonal contraception is not suitable for you.

3. Managing PCOS and Menstrual Irregularities:
Since you have experienced irregular menstrual cycles after discontinuing the pill, it is essential to understand that this is a common issue for women with PCOS. Hormonal contraceptives can help regulate cycles while you are taking them, but once you stop, your body may take time to adjust, and symptoms of PCOS may re-emerge. Lifestyle modifications, including maintaining a healthy weight, regular exercise, and a balanced diet, can significantly improve menstrual regularity and overall health in women with PCOS.

4. Consultation with Healthcare Providers:
Given your complex medical history, including the use of hormonal contraceptives and the symptoms you are experiencing, it is crucial to maintain open communication with your healthcare providers. Regular follow-ups with both your gynecologist and any specialists involved in your care (such as an endocrinologist or a breast specialist) can help ensure that you receive comprehensive care tailored to your needs.

In conclusion, while long-term use of birth control can have implications for your health, the benefits of managing PCOS symptoms and regulating menstrual cycles often outweigh the risks. It is essential to work closely with your healthcare provider to monitor your health, explore alternative treatment options if necessary, and address any concerns you may have regarding your reproductive health.

Similar Q&A

Long-Term Effects of Birth Control Pills on Ovarian Health

Hello Dr. Tsao, I started taking the combined oral contraceptive pill (28 pills) because I was diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and I have been taking it for at least 4-5 years now. I would like to inquire about any potential effects of long-term use of the pill o...

Dr. Cao Guotao reply Obstetrics and Gynecology
Hello, taking birth control pills is primarily for regulating menstruation and generally does not affect the ovaries. Wishing you good health.

Understanding the Effects of Long-Term Birth Control on Menstrual Health

Hello Doctor: I have polycystic ovary syndrome, so I have been taking birth control pills to induce my menstrual cycle. I have been on them for about a year, but recently I noticed that the days I wait for my period to start after finishing the pills have increased by one to two ...

Dr. Cao Guotao reply Obstetrics and Gynecology
1. If you have been taking birth control pills for one to two days longer than usual and your period lasts for five days, this is still considered within the normal range, so please do not worry. 2. Long-term use of birth control pills can lead to weight gain, nausea, acne, and s...

Understanding PCOS: Will Birth Control Pills Affect Future Fertility?

Hello doctor, I am 23 years old. Since my last menstrual period in May of this year, I have not had another one. In October, I visited a gynecologist and had an ultrasound, which confirmed that I have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The doctor advised me to regulate my conditio...

Dr. Cao Guotao reply Obstetrics and Gynecology
Hello, taking birth control pills generally does not affect future fertility. Wishing you good health.

Can Birth Control Pills Help Women with PCOS for Extra Protection?

Hello, doctor. I would like to ask if my girlfriend, who has polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), can take oral contraceptive pills for additional protection besides using condoms. Are there any side effects for individuals with PCOS when taking oral contraceptives? If it is safe to...

Dr. Zhang Kunmin reply Obstetrics and Gynecology
Hello, the treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) varies based on the patient's age and needs. Since the cause of PCOS is attributed to genetic factors, it cannot be cured, but symptoms can be improved or alleviated through medication and lifestyle changes. Treatment...