Could She Be Pregnant? PCOS and Pregnancy Risks

Can I get pregnant?

Hello Dr.
Huang, I would like to ask about my girlfriend who was recently diagnosed with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).
After taking a medication to induce menstruation, she had her period, which has been regular for the past two months.
However, her last period started on July 13, and we had sexual intercourse on August 8 with full protection.
We took pregnancy tests on August 15 and August 18, both of which showed negative results.
Currently, her period has not arrived.
Could she be pregnant?

Da Xiong, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2017/08/19

Dr. Huang Jianzhong reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

My girlfriend was recently diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
After taking a medication to induce menstruation, her periods returned, occurring every two months.
However, her last period started on July 13, and we had sexual intercourse on August 8, using a condom throughout.
We took pregnancy tests on August 15 and August 18, both of which were negative.
Currently, her period has not arrived.
Could she be pregnant? Answer: Please take another pregnancy test on August 25.

Reply Date: 2017/08/19

More Info

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that affects women of reproductive age and can significantly impact fertility. The hormonal imbalances associated with PCOS can lead to irregular menstrual cycles, anovulation (lack of ovulation), and other metabolic issues, which can complicate the process of conception.
In your case, your girlfriend has been diagnosed with PCOS and has taken medication to induce menstruation, which indicates that her menstrual cycle is being managed. The fact that she experienced a menstrual period after taking the medication is a positive sign, as it suggests that her body is responding to treatment. However, the irregularity of her cycles can still pose challenges for conception.

Regarding the sexual activity that occurred on August 8, and the subsequent negative pregnancy tests on August 15 and 18, it is important to consider a few factors. First, while condoms are an effective form of contraception when used correctly, no method is 100% foolproof. The timing of ovulation is crucial in determining the likelihood of pregnancy. In women with PCOS, ovulation can be unpredictable, making it difficult to determine fertile windows accurately.

The negative pregnancy tests indicate that, at the time of testing, there was no detectable level of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), the hormone produced during pregnancy. However, it is essential to note that if ovulation occurred later than expected, it could take time for hCG levels to rise sufficiently to be detected by home pregnancy tests. Additionally, if her menstrual cycle is irregular, it may be challenging to pinpoint when her next period is due.

If her period does not arrive soon, it may be advisable for her to consult with a healthcare provider. They can perform a blood test to measure hCG levels, which is more sensitive than home pregnancy tests and can provide a clearer picture of whether she is pregnant. Furthermore, a healthcare provider can assess her overall reproductive health and discuss potential next steps, especially considering her PCOS diagnosis.

In summary, while the negative pregnancy tests suggest that she is not currently pregnant, the irregularity of her menstrual cycle due to PCOS complicates the situation. If her period does not arrive soon, seeking medical advice would be prudent to explore her options and ensure her reproductive health is being monitored effectively. Additionally, managing PCOS through lifestyle changes, medication, or other treatments can improve her chances of conception in the future.

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