Ear Congestion After Diving: Causes and Remedies - Otolaryngology

More Info

---

Understanding ear congestion after diving can be quite complex, especially when symptoms persist despite initial treatment. Based on your description, it seems that you experienced a common issue known as barotrauma, which occurs when there is a difference in pressure between the outer ear and the middle ear. This can happen during activities like diving, where rapid changes in pressure can lead to discomfort, pain, and a feeling of fullness in the ears.


Causes of Ear Congestion After Diving
1. Barotrauma: As mentioned, this is the most likely cause of your symptoms. When you dive, the pressure increases, and if the Eustachian tubes (which connect the middle ear to the back of the throat) do not equalize the pressure properly, it can lead to a feeling of fullness or congestion in the ears.

2. Eustachian Tube Dysfunction: This occurs when the Eustachian tubes do not open properly to equalize pressure. Factors such as allergies, colds, or sinus infections can contribute to this dysfunction, making it harder for the tubes to open.

3. Middle Ear Inflammation: Sometimes, the pressure changes can lead to inflammation in the middle ear, which can cause fluid buildup and further contribute to the feeling of fullness.

4. Injury to the Ear: In rare cases, diving can cause physical injury to the ear structures, leading to persistent symptoms.


Remedies and Treatment Options
1. Decongestants: Over-the-counter decongestants can help reduce swelling in the nasal passages and Eustachian tubes, making it easier for them to open and equalize pressure.

2. Nasal Steroid Sprays: These can help reduce inflammation in the nasal passages and Eustachian tubes, improving their function.

3. Eustachian Tube Exercises: You mentioned that you have been performing the Valsalva maneuver (pinching your nose and blowing gently). This can be effective, but it should be done carefully to avoid further injury. Other techniques include swallowing, yawning, or chewing gum to encourage the Eustachian tubes to open.

4. Warm Compress: Applying a warm compress over the affected ear can help alleviate discomfort and promote drainage if there is fluid buildup.

5. Avoiding Diving Until Symptoms Resolve: It is crucial to avoid further diving until your symptoms have completely resolved. Returning to diving with unresolved ear issues can lead to more severe complications.

6. Follow-Up with an ENT Specialist: Since your symptoms have persisted despite initial treatment, it may be beneficial to see an Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) specialist for further evaluation. They may perform additional tests, such as tympanometry, to assess the function of your Eustachian tubes and middle ear.

7. Consider Allergy Testing: If allergies are suspected to be contributing to your Eustachian tube dysfunction, allergy testing and appropriate management may be necessary.


Conclusion
In summary, your ongoing symptoms of ear congestion after diving are likely related to Eustachian tube dysfunction or barotrauma. While initial treatments have not provided relief, there are several options available to help alleviate your symptoms. It is essential to continue working with your healthcare provider, particularly an ENT specialist, to explore further diagnostic and treatment options. Additionally, avoiding diving until your symptoms have fully resolved is crucial to prevent further complications. If you experience any new symptoms, such as severe pain, fever, or discharge from the ear, seek medical attention promptly.