Possible Causes of Abnormal Bleeding After Intercourse in Women - Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Abnormal bleeding after intercourse can be concerning and may arise from various causes. Given your menstrual cycle of approximately 30 days and the recent sexual activity, it is essential to consider several potential factors that could contribute to the bleeding you are experiencing.

1. Cervical Ectropion: This condition occurs when the cells from the inside of the cervical canal are present on the outside of the cervix. It can lead to increased sensitivity and bleeding, especially after intercourse. This is often benign but can cause discomfort and abnormal bleeding.

2. Infections: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or other vaginal infections can cause inflammation and irritation of the vaginal tissues, leading to bleeding after intercourse. Conditions such as cervicitis (inflammation of the cervix) can also be a culprit.

3. Hormonal Fluctuations: Hormonal changes throughout your menstrual cycle can affect the vaginal lining and cervical mucus. If you are nearing ovulation or experiencing hormonal imbalances, this could lead to spotting or light bleeding.

4. Polyps or Fibroids: Benign growths in the uterus or cervix, such as polyps or fibroids, can cause abnormal bleeding. These growths can be sensitive and may bleed after sexual activity.

5. Endometriosis: This condition occurs when tissue similar to the lining inside the uterus grows outside of it. It can cause pain and abnormal bleeding, particularly during or after intercourse.

6. Pregnancy-Related Issues: If there is a possibility of pregnancy, any bleeding could be related to implantation bleeding, which occurs when a fertilized egg attaches to the uterine lining. However, if the bleeding is bright red and accompanied by pain, it could indicate a more serious issue, such as a miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy.

7. Trauma or Injury: Sometimes, physical trauma during intercourse can cause bleeding, especially if there is insufficient lubrication or if the intercourse is particularly vigorous.

Given that you mentioned experiencing some brown discharge and occasional bright red blood, it is crucial to monitor the situation closely. If the bleeding persists, increases in volume, or is accompanied by pain, it is advisable to seek medical attention. A healthcare provider can perform a thorough examination, including a pelvic exam and possibly imaging studies, to determine the underlying cause of the bleeding.

In the meantime, maintaining a record of your menstrual cycle, any bleeding episodes, and associated symptoms can be helpful for your healthcare provider. This information will assist in diagnosing the issue more accurately.

In summary, while occasional spotting or light bleeding after intercourse can be normal, especially if it is related to hormonal changes or minor cervical irritation, persistent or heavy bleeding warrants further investigation. It is always best to err on the side of caution and consult with a healthcare professional if you have concerns about abnormal bleeding.