Knee Pain: Causes, Treatments, and Home Remedies

Knee problems

Hello Doctor, my father is nearly 50 years old.
In July, he overexerted himself while jogging, and the next day he woke up with soreness in both knees.
After a few days, the pain in his right leg subsided, but the left leg continued to hurt for about two weeks before he visited an orthopedic doctor.
An X-ray showed no issues with the bones, and his blood uric acid levels were normal.
The doctor diagnosed him with meniscal inflammation and prescribed pain medication.
He has seen three orthopedic specialists so far, but after more than three months, he still experiences some pain whenever he jogs (even with proper warm-up).
He also feels pain after standing for long periods at work, has slight swelling in his ankles, discomfort in the soles of his feet after prolonged standing, and a tight sensation in his knees.
What could be the issue? Does home treatment with heat therapy and electrical stimulation help? Thank you for your response!

oreo, 0~9 year old female. Ask Date: 2017/10/25

Dr. Li Yongheng reply Orthopedics

Hello, if the X-ray shows no issues with the bones and the blood uric acid levels are normal, it is still possible that there may be inflammation of the meniscus or ligaments in the knee joint.
It is recommended to reduce prolonged standing and stair climbing, and to pause jogging.
Applying heat therapy or electrical stimulation at home can be helpful.
Wishing your father a speedy recovery.

Reply Date: 2017/10/25

More Info

Knee pain can be a complex issue, especially for individuals who are active, like your father. Given the details you've provided, it seems that your father is experiencing symptoms consistent with a common condition known as patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) or possibly issues related to the meniscus, particularly since he has been diagnosed with meniscal inflammation. Let's break down the potential causes, treatment options, and home remedies for knee pain.

Causes of Knee Pain
1. Overuse Injuries: Your father's history of excessive running can lead to overuse injuries. This is particularly common in runners who suddenly increase their mileage or intensity without adequate conditioning. Overuse can cause inflammation in the knee structures, including the patellar tendon and the meniscus.

2. Meniscal Injury: The meniscus is a C-shaped cartilage that acts as a cushion between the shinbone and thighbone. Inflammation or injury to the meniscus can result in pain, swelling, and a feeling of stiffness or tightness in the knee.

3. Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: This condition is characterized by pain around the kneecap (patella) and is often exacerbated by activities that put stress on the knee, such as running, squatting, or climbing stairs. It can be caused by muscle imbalances, improper running form, or anatomical issues.

4. Tendinitis: Inflammation of the tendons around the knee, such as patellar tendinitis, can also cause pain, particularly during activities that involve jumping or running.

5. Water Retention: The swelling in the ankle and the feeling of tightness in the knee may indicate fluid accumulation, which can be a response to inflammation or injury.

Treatment Options
1. Rest and Activity Modification: It’s crucial for your father to allow his knee to heal. This may involve reducing running and other high-impact activities. Instead, low-impact exercises such as swimming or cycling can help maintain fitness without stressing the knee.

2. Physical Therapy: A physical therapist can provide a tailored rehabilitation program that focuses on strengthening the muscles around the knee, improving flexibility, and correcting any biomechanical issues that may contribute to pain.

3. Medications: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help reduce pain and inflammation. However, these should be used as directed by a physician.

4. Injections: In some cases, corticosteroid injections may be recommended to reduce inflammation, especially if conservative treatments are not effective.

5. Surgery: If conservative treatments fail and the pain persists, surgical options may be considered, particularly if there is a significant meniscal tear or other structural issues.

Home Remedies
1. Heat and Cold Therapy: Applying ice to the knee for 15-20 minutes several times a day can help reduce swelling and pain. Heat therapy, such as warm compresses or heating pads, can help relax and soothe stiff muscles.

2. Elevation: Keeping the knee elevated can help reduce swelling, especially after activity.

3. Compression: Using a knee brace or wrap can provide support and help manage swelling.

4. Gentle Stretching and Strengthening Exercises: Engaging in gentle stretching and strengthening exercises can help improve flexibility and support the knee joint. Focus on the quadriceps, hamstrings, and calf muscles.

5. Weight Management: Maintaining a healthy weight can reduce stress on the knee joints, which is particularly important for individuals with knee pain.

Conclusion
Given that your father has been experiencing knee pain for over three months, it is essential to continue working with healthcare professionals to monitor his condition. If symptoms persist or worsen, further imaging studies, such as an MRI, may be warranted to assess the knee's internal structures more thoroughly. Encouraging your father to adhere to a rehabilitation program and to listen to his body will be key in managing his knee pain effectively.

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