Chronic Cough: Persistent Symptoms and Seeking Solutions - Pulmonology

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Chronic cough, persistent cough that does not resolve?


Hello, Doctor: (The following content is a bit long; thank you for your patience!) This year, I have once again relapsed with my chronic issue: coughing.
I remember being frequently ill since the first grade of elementary school, sometimes with a common cold, sometimes just a cough without other symptoms, and at times, other cold symptoms would resolve, but the cough would persist.
I have visited many clinics and hospitals before finally recovering.
My childhood memories are vague, but during high school and college, I would start coughing every autumn and winter (I currently live abroad, which might be due to the colder climate compared to Taiwan? If I go out without a mask while coughing, breathing in the cold air feels like choking, leading to severe coughing).
Sometimes I also have other cold symptoms (like a runny nose), but most of the time, it’s just the cough, or the cough does not improve.

Since I now live abroad with my family, I have seen local doctors.
During high school, I coughed for a long time each year; once, I coughed for three months and missed school.
The cough was severe, causing dry heaving, and it felt like my insides were about to be coughed out.
My chest hurt from coughing, and I even coughed up blood, which led me to the emergency room.
The hospital suspected tuberculosis, but after extensive tests (including blood and urine tests), everything came back normal, and they could not identify the cause.
I don’t know why I cough incessantly; they only prescribed cough syrup and advised me to rest and drink plenty of water, but it didn’t help much (I have tried many over-the-counter and prescription medications, all containing Dextromethorphan HBr).
A teacher at school suspected I had whooping cough (because I was coughing for so long), and encouraged me to see a doctor, but the doctor also could not find the cause of the cough.

The most severe incident occurred one winter when I coughed to the point of chest tightness, pain, and difficulty breathing, accompanied by night sweats.
My pale complexion (the teacher said I looked like I was dying) led to a report to the school, and I was taken to the hospital by ambulance.
I was dehydrated and received IV fluids.
They also performed X-rays and various tests, but again, everything was normal, and the hospital could not explain my severe coughing.
They prescribed antibiotics, which were ineffective.

During high school and college, I consulted many doctors (including traditional Chinese medicine practitioners).
Some doctors suggested I might have allergic cough, while one said I had asthma (but I thought asthma was a condition that caused difficulty breathing and prevented vigorous exercise? I don’t recall having asthma as a child; is it possible to develop it later in life?).
One traditional Chinese medicine practitioner diagnosed me with chronic cough, while another said I had bronchitis.
I have taken the medications they prescribed, but they didn’t seem particularly effective.
I am unsure about the allergy medications; the doctor suggested I take over-the-counter medications long-term for a year, but I often forget to take them, so I’m uncertain about their effectiveness.
The doctor who mentioned asthma prescribed me an inhaler (I’m not sure what it’s called), but it didn’t seem to help much.
Regarding traditional Chinese medicine, I suspect I might be allergic to the herbal concoctions because I experienced very uncomfortable reactions after consuming them, such as dizziness, nausea, and chest tightness, so I stopped trying them.

Now that winter is approaching again, I have been coughing non-stop since the morning of November 3rd.
I have tried cold medications and cough syrups, as well as a throat lozenge called Troche 2mg that a friend gave me.
This lozenge seemed effective the first time I tried it, as I didn’t cough at all that night and slept soundly.
However, when I took it again the next day, it was completely ineffective, and my coughing worsened.
What started as a light cough has intensified, and I now feel my chest vibrating and aching.
I fear that, as in previous years, I will end up in severe pain, feeling like my lungs are about to burst.
Over the years, I have tried various home remedies, herbal treatments, and foods, but nothing has resolved my coughing issue.
Ultimately, I would cough for a long time and then, for reasons unknown, it would just get better.
I can cough for three to four months during seasonal changes, and this chronic cough has significantly impacted my life, causing me great distress!
Do you have any suggestions, Doctor? Should I see a pulmonologist here again? (I have previously only seen family doctors or gone to the emergency room.) Lastly, I would like to add that I do not smoke or drink alcohol, my family does not smoke, and we have no pets or stuffed animals at home (so I’m unsure if I have any allergies).
My parents do not have similar issues, so it shouldn’t be hereditary.
I also follow the dietary advice from a pediatrician I saw in first grade, avoiding spicy foods, fried foods, and ice products, and my family typically eats light meals, so I rarely consume greasy foods.
To this day, I still don’t understand why I am the only one in my family who is constantly coughing! I apologize for the many questions, as I am genuinely troubled, but I hope to receive your advice.
Thank you very much!

P, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2017/11/07

Dr. Yang Wenda reply Pulmonology


Hello: The chest X-ray is normal, which rules out pulmonary infections, tuberculosis, and parenchymal lung diseases such as bronchiectasis.
However, it does not exclude tracheal hypersensitivity or asthma, especially since your response to bronchodilators is not significant.
I am unsure if you have undergone pulmonary function tests in the past; if the results are normal, asthma is likely less probable.
Currently, it appears that your airways are more sensitive, particularly to cold air.
Traditional Chinese medicine is strong in this area, but your experience has not been very favorable.
I recommend the following: (1) wear a mask to keep warm, (2) drink plenty of warm water, (3) exercise daily to induce sweating (gradually increase the intensity), (4) ensure adequate sleep, and (5) if your cough is severe, you may still use cough suppressants! Keep it up! Consistency is key!

Reply Date: 2017/11/07

More Info


Chronic cough can be a frustrating and debilitating condition, especially when it persists over long periods and significantly impacts your quality of life. Based on your detailed history, it seems you have experienced recurrent cough episodes since childhood, with various diagnoses and treatments that have not provided lasting relief. Here’s a comprehensive approach to understanding your symptoms and potential next steps.


Understanding Chronic Cough
Chronic cough is defined as a cough that lasts more than eight weeks. It can arise from various underlying conditions, including:
1. Postnasal Drip: Often due to allergies or sinusitis, this condition can cause mucus to drip down the back of the throat, triggering a cough.

2. Asthma: This condition can develop at any age and may present as a chronic cough, especially if it is worse at night or with exercise. Symptoms can include wheezing and shortness of breath.

3. Chronic Bronchitis: This is characterized by a productive cough that lasts for at least three months in two consecutive years. It is often associated with smoking or long-term exposure to irritants.

4. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Acid reflux can irritate the throat and lungs, leading to a chronic cough.

5. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): This is more common in smokers but can occur in non-smokers with a history of lung irritants.

6. Infections: Previous respiratory infections can lead to prolonged cough due to lingering inflammation in the airways.


Diagnostic Approach
Given your history and the complexity of your symptoms, it would be prudent to consult a pulmonologist (chest specialist) for a thorough evaluation. Here are some steps they may take:
1. Detailed Medical History and Physical Examination: This will help identify any patterns or triggers associated with your cough.

2. Pulmonary Function Tests: These tests measure how well your lungs are working and can help diagnose asthma or COPD.

3. Imaging Studies: A chest X-ray or CT scan may be ordered to rule out structural issues or chronic lung diseases.

4. Allergy Testing: Since you mentioned potential allergies, testing can help identify specific triggers.

5. Esophageal pH Monitoring: If GERD is suspected, this test can measure acid levels in the esophagus.


Treatment Options
Once a diagnosis is established, treatment can be tailored to your specific condition:
1. For Asthma: Inhalers (bronchodilators and corticosteroids) can help manage symptoms. It’s important to use these as prescribed, even when feeling well.

2. For Allergies: Antihistamines or nasal corticosteroids can reduce postnasal drip and associated cough.

3. For GERD: Lifestyle modifications (diet changes, weight management) and medications (antacids, proton pump inhibitors) can alleviate symptoms.

4. For Chronic Bronchitis or COPD: Smoking cessation (if applicable), bronchodilators, and pulmonary rehabilitation may be recommended.

5. Cough Suppressants: While they can provide temporary relief, they should not be the sole treatment without addressing the underlying cause.


Lifestyle Modifications
In addition to medical treatment, consider the following lifestyle changes:
- Stay Hydrated: Drinking plenty of fluids can help thin mucus.

- Avoid Irritants: Stay away from smoke, strong odors, and allergens.

- Use a Humidifier: This can help keep airways moist, especially in dry environments.

- Practice Good Sleep Hygiene: Elevating your head while sleeping can reduce nighttime coughing.


Conclusion
Chronic cough can be a multifaceted issue requiring a comprehensive approach to diagnosis and treatment. Given your history and the persistence of your symptoms, it is advisable to seek a specialist's opinion to explore potential underlying causes and appropriate management strategies. Remember, effective communication with your healthcare provider about your symptoms and concerns is crucial in finding a solution that works for you.

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