Mediterranean Anemia: Diagnosis and Symptoms Explained

Mediterranean anemia

Hello Doctor, I am 36 years old and have given birth to three children.
I had surgery for an inguinal hernia at the age of 16 (at a medical center in Taipei).
I have a few questions: 1.
I was diagnosed with thalassemia in 2017, but I have had blood tests in the past that did not reveal any abnormalities.
Why was this not detected earlier? 2.
About four years ago, due to a busy work schedule, I did not have time to eat properly, and during an employee health check, I found out that my hemoglobin level was low, around 8 g/dL, but I did not have time to seek medical attention.
Could this have led to my thalassemia? 3.
I have been experiencing headaches, palpitations, and chest tightness, and despite visiting the emergency room, no blood abnormalities were found.
Can thalassemia present suddenly? I appreciate your response.
Thank you.

Yú wán tāng, 30~39 year old female. Ask Date: 2017/12/18

Dr. Liao Yaopan reply Family Medicine

Mediterranean anemia, also known as thalassemia, is a congenital blood disorder characterized by abnormal blood cells that do not appear suddenly and are not related to diet.
It is recommended to visit a hematology clinic or consult your family physician for further evaluation of the cause of anemia.
Please note: online consultations do not equate to in-person medical visits and cannot provide accurate diagnoses or treatment recommendations.
Changhua Hospital cares about your health.

Reply Date: 2017/12/18

More Info

Mediterranean anemia, also known as thalassemia, is a genetic blood disorder characterized by the body’s inability to produce adequate hemoglobin, which is essential for transporting oxygen in the blood. This condition is particularly prevalent in individuals of Mediterranean descent, but it can also affect people from other regions. Understanding the diagnosis, symptoms, and management of Mediterranean anemia is crucial for those affected by this condition.

1. Diagnosis: The diagnosis of Mediterranean anemia typically involves a combination of blood tests. These tests include a complete blood count (CBC), hemoglobin electrophoresis, and genetic testing. Hemoglobin electrophoresis is particularly important as it helps identify the different types of hemoglobin present in the blood. In your case, it is possible that previous blood tests did not include specific tests for thalassemia or that the results were not interpreted in the context of your symptoms. It is also worth noting that some individuals may have mild forms of thalassemia that do not present significant abnormalities in routine blood tests.

2. Symptoms: The symptoms of Mediterranean anemia can vary widely depending on the severity of the condition. Common symptoms include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, and shortness of breath. In more severe cases, individuals may experience more pronounced symptoms such as jaundice, dark urine, and an enlarged spleen or liver. The symptoms you mentioned, such as headaches, palpitations, and chest discomfort, can indeed be associated with anemia, particularly if your hemoglobin levels are significantly low. It is important to understand that while a busy lifestyle and inadequate nutrition can exacerbate symptoms of anemia, they do not directly cause Mediterranean anemia. This condition is inherited, and its severity can be influenced by various factors, including diet and overall health.

3. Sudden Onset: Mediterranean anemia does not typically appear suddenly; it is usually a chronic condition that develops over time. However, it is possible for individuals with mild forms of the disease to experience a sudden worsening of symptoms due to factors such as illness, stress, or nutritional deficiencies. If you have been diagnosed with thalassemia, it is essential to monitor your health closely and maintain regular check-ups with your healthcare provider. They can help manage your symptoms and provide guidance on dietary and lifestyle changes that may improve your overall well-being.

In conclusion, Mediterranean anemia is a complex condition that requires careful management and monitoring. If you have concerns about your health or the management of your anemia, it is advisable to consult with a hematologist or a healthcare provider specializing in blood disorders. They can provide personalized advice based on your medical history and current health status. Additionally, maintaining a balanced diet rich in iron and other essential nutrients can help support your overall health and mitigate some symptoms associated with anemia.

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