Blood in Stool: Causes and When to Seek Help - Gastroenterology and Hepatology

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Blood in stool can be alarming, and it's understandable that you feel concerned after noticing bright red blood in the toilet water and on the toilet paper. There are several potential causes for this symptom, and it's important to understand them to determine when to seek medical help.


Possible Causes of Blood in Stool
1. Hemorrhoids: One of the most common causes of bright red blood in the stool is hemorrhoids. These are swollen blood vessels in the rectum or anus that can bleed during bowel movements, especially if there is straining involved. Given that you mentioned prolonged sitting and lack of exercise, this could be a contributing factor.

2. Anal Fissures: Another common cause is an anal fissure, which is a small tear in the lining of the anus. This can occur due to passing hard stools or straining, and it often causes sharp pain during bowel movements along with bleeding.

3. Diverticular Disease: Diverticulosis, which involves small pouches forming in the colon wall, can lead to diverticulitis when these pouches become inflamed or infected. This condition can also cause bleeding.

4. Gastrointestinal Conditions: Other gastrointestinal issues such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, can lead to blood in the stool. These conditions are often accompanied by other symptoms like abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss.

5. Polyps or Colorectal Cancer: Although less common, polyps (growths on the colon lining) or colorectal cancer can cause bleeding. This is particularly a concern if you have risk factors such as a family history of colorectal cancer or if you are over the age of 50.


When to Seek Medical Help
Given your symptoms, it is advisable to seek medical attention, especially if:
- The bleeding persists or worsens.

- You experience significant pain or discomfort.

- You notice other symptoms such as changes in bowel habits, weight loss, or fatigue.

- You have a history of gastrointestinal issues or family history of colorectal cancer.


What to Expect During a Medical Evaluation
When you visit a healthcare provider, they will likely perform a thorough evaluation, which may include:
- A physical examination, including a rectal exam.

- Blood tests to check for anemia or infection.

- Stool tests to rule out infections or other conditions.

- Imaging studies, such as a colonoscopy, to visualize the colon and rectum directly.


Lifestyle Considerations
In the meantime, consider making some lifestyle changes that may help alleviate your symptoms:
- Increase Fiber Intake: Eating more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help soften stools and reduce straining during bowel movements.

- Stay Hydrated: Drinking plenty of water can help prevent constipation.

- Exercise Regularly: Incorporating physical activity into your routine can improve bowel function and overall health.

- Avoid Straining: Try to avoid straining during bowel movements, as this can exacerbate hemorrhoids and fissures.


Conclusion
While blood in the stool can be caused by various conditions, many of which are treatable, it is essential to take this symptom seriously. Given your recent experience and concerns, I recommend scheduling an appointment with a healthcare provider to discuss your symptoms and undergo any necessary evaluations. Early diagnosis and treatment can lead to better outcomes and peace of mind.