Emergency Contraceptive Pills: What to Expect After Use - Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs), such as Plan B (levonorgestrel) or Ella (ulipristal acetate), are designed to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse or contraceptive failure. They are most effective when taken as soon as possible after the event, ideally within 72 to 120 hours, depending on the type of pill used. In your case, your girlfriend took the emergency contraceptive pill (安立婷) five hours after unprotected intercourse, which is a timely action.

After taking an ECP, it is common for women to experience some changes in their menstrual cycle. These changes can include:
1. Timing of Menstruation: ECPs can cause your next period to arrive earlier or later than expected. Since your girlfriend's last menstrual period was from February 17 to February 22, and she is expected to have her next period around March 19, it is possible that the ECP could affect the timing. However, it is also possible for her to have her period on time, as the effects of ECPs can vary from person to person.

2. Menstrual Flow: Some women may experience lighter or heavier bleeding than usual after taking ECPs. If your girlfriend does not experience any bleeding by the expected date of her period, it does not necessarily indicate a problem, as some women may not bleed at all after taking ECPs.

3. Pregnancy Symptoms: The symptoms your girlfriend is experiencing, such as breast tenderness and mild lower back pain, can be related to premenstrual syndrome (PMS) or the hormonal changes caused by the ECP. These symptoms are common and can occur regardless of whether she is pregnant or not.

4. Pregnancy Testing: If her period does not arrive within a week of the expected date (after March 19), it is advisable for her to take a home pregnancy test to rule out pregnancy. If the test is positive, she should consult a healthcare provider for further guidance.

5. Side Effects of ECPs: Some women may experience side effects after taking ECPs, such as nausea, fatigue, headache, or changes in their menstrual cycle. These side effects are usually temporary and resolve on their own.

In summary, it is normal for your girlfriend not to have experienced any bleeding yet after taking the emergency contraceptive pill. Her menstrual cycle may be affected, and she could still have her period around the expected time. The symptoms she is experiencing could be related to hormonal changes or premenstrual symptoms. If her period does not arrive as expected, a pregnancy test would be a prudent next step. Always encourage open communication with healthcare providers for personalized advice and support.