Thumb Pain: Causes, Treatment, and When to See a Doctor

Swelling and pain in the right thumb?

Since around February of this year, I have been experiencing sudden pain in my right thumb for unknown reasons.
I tried soaking it in hot water and stretching my fingers, but it only became more painful, and it feels slightly more swollen than my left thumb.
Additionally, pressing on the inner side of the first and second joints of my thumb causes pain, while the outer side does not.
I also have difficulty bending or straightening my thumb, with a smaller range of motion than usual.
I have considered the possibility of a strain; however, due to my work, I often lift heavy objects, but I don’t frequently use my thumb.
Instead, my other four fingers do most of the work, so if there were to be a strain, it would likely be those fingers.
Therefore, I would like to ask the doctor: 1.
What kind of condition could this be? 2.
Which specialty should I consult if I decide to see a doctor? 3.
If I want to try self-treatment, what should I do? Thank you.

Bingren A, 30~39 year old female. Ask Date: 2018/03/28

Dr. Huang Xunying reply Family Medicine

It is possible that you are experiencing joint inflammation.
Although you may feel that you don't use your thumb much, in reality, it is essential for any hand movement.
The presence of swelling indicates inflammation, and it may be necessary to seek medical attention.
You might consider consulting an orthopedic specialist.

Reply Date: 2018/03/28

More Info

Thumb pain can be a frustrating and debilitating condition, especially when it affects your daily activities. Based on your description, it seems that you are experiencing pain and limited mobility in your right thumb, which started suddenly in February. Let's break down your concerns and provide some insights into potential causes, treatment options, and when to seek medical attention.

1. Possible Conditions
Given the symptoms you've described—pain in the thumb, swelling, and difficulty bending or straightening the thumb—there are several potential conditions that could be causing your discomfort:
- De Quervain's Tenosynovitis: This condition involves inflammation of the tendons on the thumb side of your wrist. It can cause pain at the base of the thumb and may radiate up the forearm. Symptoms often worsen with gripping or pinching motions.

- Arthritis: Osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis can lead to joint pain and swelling. If the pain is localized to the joints of the thumb, arthritis could be a possibility.

- Trigger Thumb: This occurs when the tendons that bend the thumb become inflamed, causing pain and difficulty in movement. It can lead to a locking sensation when trying to bend or straighten the thumb.

- Ligament Injury: If you frequently lift heavy objects, you may have strained or injured the ligaments in your thumb, leading to pain and swelling.

- Nerve Compression: Conditions like carpal tunnel syndrome can cause pain and swelling in the thumb, although this typically affects the entire hand.

2. When to See a Doctor
If your symptoms persist or worsen, it is advisable to see a healthcare professional. You should consider visiting an orthopedic specialist or a hand surgeon, as they specialize in conditions affecting the musculoskeletal system, including the hands and fingers. A physical therapist may also be beneficial for rehabilitation and pain management.

3. Self-Treatment Options
While waiting to see a doctor, there are several self-care strategies you can try to alleviate your thumb pain:
- Rest: Avoid activities that exacerbate the pain, especially heavy lifting or repetitive motions involving the thumb.

- Ice Therapy: Apply ice to the affected area for 15-20 minutes several times a day to reduce swelling and numb the pain.

- Compression and Elevation: Use a compression bandage to support the thumb and elevate your hand to minimize swelling.

- Over-the-Counter Pain Relief: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen or naproxen can help reduce pain and inflammation. Be sure to follow the recommended dosage.

- Gentle Stretching and Strengthening: Once the pain subsides, gentle stretching and strengthening exercises can help restore mobility and prevent future injuries. However, avoid any movements that cause pain.

- Heat Therapy: After the initial swelling has gone down, you might find relief from applying heat to the area to relax the muscles and improve blood flow.

Conclusion
Thumb pain can stem from various causes, and understanding the underlying issue is crucial for effective treatment. If self-care measures do not provide relief, or if you experience significant swelling, bruising, or inability to use your thumb, it is essential to seek medical attention. A healthcare professional can provide a proper diagnosis and recommend appropriate treatments, which may include physical therapy, medications, or even surgical options if necessary. Remember, early intervention can lead to better outcomes and a quicker return to your normal activities.

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