Zinc Deficiency: Symptoms and Growth Concerns in Children

Is zinc supplementation necessary?

Hello, doctor: What symptoms can occur if someone is deficient in zinc? I saw a report stating that zinc deficiency can affect height growth.
My eldest son is already 3 years old and is only 90 cm tall and weighs 13 kg.
Is this normal? I am really worried that my son may not grow tall.

Wei Er, 30~39 year old female. Ask Date: 2018/08/08

Dr. Lin Yishou reply Pediatrics

Dear Parent,
Your child's height and weight are indeed on the lower side.
Zinc deficiency can lead to decreased appetite and hindered growth.
It may be advisable to conduct a blood test for confirmation.
Thank you for your message.

Reply Date: 2018/08/08

More Info

Zinc deficiency is a significant health concern, especially in children, as it plays a crucial role in various physiological functions, including growth, immune function, and cognitive development. The symptoms of zinc deficiency can vary but commonly include:
1. Growth Retardation: Zinc is essential for growth and development. Children with zinc deficiency may experience stunted growth, which can manifest as shorter stature compared to their peers. This is particularly concerning in your case, as your 3-year-old son is 90 cm tall and weighs 13 kg, which may be below the expected growth percentile for his age.

2. Impaired Immune Function: Zinc is vital for maintaining a healthy immune system. Deficiency can lead to increased susceptibility to infections, delayed wound healing, and a higher incidence of illnesses.

3. Appetite Loss: Children with low zinc levels may experience a reduced appetite, which can further exacerbate growth issues and lead to a cycle of malnutrition.

4. Skin Issues: Zinc deficiency can cause skin problems, such as rashes, dermatitis, or delayed healing of cuts and wounds.

5. Cognitive Impairments: Zinc is important for brain development, and deficiency may lead to cognitive delays or difficulties in learning and memory.

6. Behavioral Changes: Some studies suggest that zinc deficiency may be linked to behavioral issues, including increased irritability or mood swings.

Regarding your concern about your son's height and weight, it is essential to consider growth percentiles, which can vary by age and sex. A pediatrician can provide a growth chart to assess whether your son is within a normal range for his age group. If he is significantly below the expected growth percentile, it may warrant further investigation.

To address your concerns about zinc deficiency and its impact on growth, here are some recommendations:
1. Dietary Assessment: Evaluate your son's diet to ensure he is receiving adequate zinc. Foods rich in zinc include meat, shellfish, legumes, seeds, nuts, dairy products, and whole grains. If his diet lacks these foods, consider incorporating them.

2. Medical Evaluation: If you suspect zinc deficiency, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional. A blood test can determine zinc levels and help identify any deficiencies.

3. Supplementation: If a deficiency is confirmed, your pediatrician may recommend zinc supplementation. However, it is crucial to follow medical advice regarding dosages, as excessive zinc intake can lead to toxicity and adverse effects.

4. Monitor Growth: Regular check-ups with a pediatrician can help monitor your son's growth and development. They can provide guidance on nutritional needs and any necessary interventions.

5. Holistic Approach: Addressing growth concerns should also consider other factors, such as overall nutrition, physical activity, and any underlying health conditions that may affect growth.

In summary, zinc deficiency can have significant implications for a child's growth and overall health. If you have concerns about your son's growth, it is essential to seek professional medical advice to ensure he receives appropriate care and support for his development.

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