Can Acute Gastroenteritis Cause Temporary Blood Sugar Elevation?

Elevated blood sugar levels during acute gastroenteritis?

Hello Dr.
Yeh: Regarding non-diabetic individuals, I would like to inquire if acute gastroenteritis (persistent vomiting and physical weakness), along with blood tests indicating inflammation, could potentially lead to a temporary increase in blood glucose levels? Thank you!

A Jie, 30~39 year old female. Ask Date: 2018/09/11

Dr. Ye Qianyu reply Family Medicine

Hello! Based on your description, it is possible that your blood sugar levels may fluctuate, but the extent of the changes is unclear.
I recommend that you follow up with a metabolic specialist for further evaluation to determine if your glucose metabolism is normal.
Thank you for your inquiry, and I wish you a swift resolution to your concerns!

Reply Date: 2018/09/11

More Info

Acute gastroenteritis can indeed lead to temporary fluctuations in blood sugar levels, even in individuals without a prior history of diabetes. This condition, characterized by inflammation of the stomach and intestines, often results in symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. The physiological stress associated with these symptoms can trigger various metabolic responses in the body, potentially leading to an increase in blood sugar levels.

When the body is under stress, whether from illness, injury, or infection, it releases stress hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline. These hormones are part of the body's natural response to stress and can lead to increased gluconeogenesis (the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources) in the liver. This process can elevate blood sugar levels temporarily. Additionally, dehydration, which often accompanies gastroenteritis due to vomiting and diarrhea, can also affect blood sugar regulation. Dehydration can lead to a relative increase in blood glucose concentration due to reduced plasma volume.

In your case, the presence of inflammation, as indicated by blood tests, further supports the likelihood of elevated blood sugar levels. Inflammatory cytokines can also influence insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism, potentially leading to higher blood sugar levels during acute illness.
For non-diabetic individuals, these changes are typically transient and resolve as the underlying condition improves. However, it is essential to monitor blood sugar levels, especially if symptoms persist or worsen. If you notice consistently elevated blood sugar levels or experience symptoms such as excessive thirst, frequent urination, or fatigue, it would be prudent to consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation.

In summary, while acute gastroenteritis can lead to temporary increases in blood sugar levels due to stress responses and dehydration, these changes are usually not permanent. Maintaining hydration and seeking medical advice if symptoms persist are crucial steps in managing your health during such episodes. If you have further concerns about your blood sugar levels or overall health, consider following up with a healthcare provider or a specialist in metabolic disorders for personalized guidance.

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