Anal Warts: Recurrence, Immunity, and Infection Risks

Anal warts issue?

Hello Doctor, a few days ago I asked about anal warts, and I have a few more points that I don't quite understand after doing some research.
I hope you can help clarify:
1.
Previously, I asked you if the virus infection would lead to lifelong recurrence, and you answered yes, indicating that a weakened immune system could lead to recurrences.
However, some articles state that the human body might eliminate the virus through the immune system after one or two years.
Does this mean the virus will always stay with me, or can it be cleared? Does a weakened immune system, such as during a cold, increase the chances of warts recurring?
2.
My partner engaged in sexual activity with me before my diagnosis, and it has been a year since then.
You mentioned that we cannot rule out the possibility of infection, and while there are cases that develop after more than a year, some articles state that symptoms typically appear within 3 to 8 months, with exceptional cases extending beyond 18 months.
The articles also mention that the probability of transmission upon contact is over 90%.
How long does my partner need to wait to rule out the possibility of infection?
Thank you, Doctor, for your clarification.

Danxin de ren, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2018/10/23

Dr. Ke Fangxu reply Surgery

1.
After a viral infection, there is a possibility of being a lifelong carrier or having the immune system completely eliminate the virus; both scenarios are possible.
Only the recurrence of symptoms can indicate whether one is a carrier.
Whether it is possible to determine carrier status through viral load testing is something that should be discussed with an infectious disease specialist for clarity.
2.
One and a half to two years.

Reply Date: 2018/10/23

More Info

Understanding anal warts, also known as condylomata acuminata, is crucial for managing the condition and mitigating the risks associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Let's address your questions regarding recurrence, immunity, and infection risks.

1. Recurrence and Immunity: Once infected with HPV, the virus can remain in the body indefinitely. While some individuals may experience a spontaneous regression of warts, the virus itself does not necessarily get eliminated from the body. The immune system plays a significant role in controlling the virus. In many cases, a healthy immune system can suppress the virus to the point where warts do not appear for years. However, factors that compromise the immune system, such as stress, illness, or other infections, can lead to a recurrence of warts. It is important to note that while some studies suggest that the immune system can clear the virus over time, this is not universally applicable to all individuals. Therefore, it is possible for the virus to remain dormant and reactivate later, particularly during periods of immune suppression.

2. Infection Risks and Transmission: Regarding your partner's potential infection, HPV can have a variable incubation period. While many individuals may develop visible warts within 3 to 8 months after exposure, it is indeed possible for symptoms to appear much later, even after a year or more. This variability is due to the nature of the virus and individual immune responses. If your partner had sexual contact with you before your diagnosis, they could have been exposed to the virus, but it is not guaranteed that they will develop warts or other symptoms. The likelihood of transmission is high, but not all individuals who are exposed will become symptomatic.

To assess whether your partner has been infected, it is advisable for them to consult a healthcare provider. They may consider undergoing an examination or HPV testing, although routine HPV testing is not typically performed for men. If your partner is asymptomatic, they may not need any treatment, but regular monitoring and communication about any changes in health are essential.

In summary, while HPV can remain in the body for life, the immune system can manage the virus effectively, leading to periods without symptoms. Recurrences can occur, especially during times of immune compromise. As for your partner, the timeline for potential infection can vary widely, and they should seek medical advice to understand their risk and any necessary steps they should take. Maintaining open communication with healthcare providers and each other is key to managing health and reducing anxiety related to HPV and its implications.

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