Emergency Contraceptive Pills: What to Do If You Vomit After Taking Them - Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs), commonly referred to as "morning-after pills," are designed to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse or contraceptive failure. The effectiveness of these pills can be influenced by various factors, including the timing of ingestion and subsequent vomiting.

If you vomit within two hours of taking ECPs, there is a possibility that your body may not have fully absorbed the medication. This is particularly relevant for certain types of emergency contraceptives, such as those containing levonorgestrel (Plan B One-Step and its generics), which are most effective when taken as soon as possible after unprotected intercourse. If vomiting occurs shortly after ingestion, it is advisable to take another dose of the ECP to ensure adequate absorption and effectiveness.

In contrast, ulipristal acetate (Ella) is another type of emergency contraceptive that can be effective up to 120 hours (five days) after unprotected intercourse. If vomiting occurs after taking Ella, the recommendation may differ slightly. Generally, if you vomit within three hours of taking Ella, you should consult a healthcare provider for guidance on whether to take an additional dose.

It is important to note that the effectiveness of ECPs decreases the longer you wait to take them after unprotected intercourse. Therefore, if you have vomited after taking the pill, and it has been less than 72 hours since the unprotected intercourse, taking another dose may be a prudent course of action.

In addition to considering whether to take another dose, it is also essential to monitor for any signs of pregnancy. If your next menstrual period is delayed by more than a week, or if you experience unusual symptoms, it is advisable to take a pregnancy test or consult a healthcare provider for further evaluation.

Furthermore, if you frequently find yourself in situations where emergency contraception is needed, it may be beneficial to discuss long-term contraceptive options with a healthcare provider. There are various methods available, including hormonal birth control pills, intrauterine devices (IUDs), and implants, which can provide more reliable protection against unintended pregnancies.

In summary, if you vomit within two hours of taking emergency contraceptive pills, it is generally recommended to take another dose, especially if you are using levonorgestrel-based pills. For ulipristal acetate, consult a healthcare provider for specific advice. Always prioritize timely action and consider discussing long-term contraceptive methods to reduce the need for emergency contraception in the future.