Nail Issues: Causes and Solutions for Layered Nails

The nails look unusual?

My fingernails are splitting into two layers and this condition is spreading towards the base, but it is not painful.
Five of my fingers are affected and there has been no improvement.
What could be wrong with my nails and how can I improve this condition? Additionally, my big toenail has a similar issue where it grows into the skin, and I have to dig out the ingrown part to avoid pain.
How can I address this as well? Thank you!

Emma, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2000/12/01

Dr. Zheng Lizhen reply Dermatology

Based on your description, your fingernails and toenails may be affected by onychomycosis—fungal infection, or nail dystrophy—due to physical or chemical trauma.
It is essential for you to visit a dermatologist in person to obtain an accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Additionally, there is an issue with ingrown toenails, which is often related to footwear.
Choosing shoes with a wider toe box can help reduce pressure and improve the condition.
When trimming your nails, make sure to cut them straight across and avoid digging into the corners.
If there is inflammation, please seek medical attention promptly.
In some cases, the physician may decide to partially remove the nail or perform nail bed surgery, which should be left to the judgment and expertise of a qualified medical professional.

Reply Date: 2000/12/01

More Info

Nail issues, particularly those involving layered or splitting nails, can be quite common and may arise from a variety of causes. The condition you are describing, where your fingernails are splitting into layers and extending toward the nail bed, is known as onychoschizia. This condition can be attributed to several factors, including nutritional deficiencies, environmental factors, trauma, or underlying health conditions.

Causes of Layered Nails
1. Nutritional Deficiencies: A lack of essential nutrients, particularly biotin, zinc, and protein, can lead to weak and brittle nails. Biotin is particularly important for nail health, and its deficiency can result in splitting and peeling.

2. Environmental Factors: Frequent exposure to water, harsh chemicals, or detergents can weaken nails. If you often wash your hands or use cleaning products without gloves, this could contribute to your nail issues.

3. Trauma: Repeated trauma to the nails, whether from nail-biting, aggressive manicures, or other physical impacts, can lead to splitting and layering.

4. Underlying Health Conditions: Conditions such as psoriasis, eczema, or fungal infections can affect the nails. In some cases, systemic conditions like thyroid disorders or autoimmune diseases may also manifest as nail abnormalities.

5. Genetics: Some individuals may be genetically predisposed to nail issues, including splitting and layering.

Solutions and Improvements
1. Nutritional Support: Consider incorporating a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals. Foods high in biotin (such as eggs, nuts, and whole grains), zinc (like meat, shellfish, and legumes), and protein can help strengthen your nails. You might also consider taking a biotin supplement after consulting with a healthcare provider.

2. Moisturizing: Regularly apply a good quality moisturizer to your nails and cuticles. This can help prevent dryness and brittleness. Look for products that contain ingredients like shea butter or vitamin E.

3. Protective Measures: When engaging in activities that expose your nails to water or chemicals, wear gloves. This will help shield your nails from harsh elements that can cause damage.

4. Gentle Nail Care: Avoid aggressive manicures and refrain from using harsh nail products. Opt for gentle nail files and avoid cutting your cuticles, as this can lead to infections and further issues.

5. Consult a Dermatologist: If your nails continue to split or if you notice other symptoms, such as discoloration or pain, it’s essential to consult a dermatologist. They can evaluate your nails and may perform tests to rule out any underlying conditions.

Regarding Your Toenails
The issue with your toenails, particularly the big toe growing into the skin, sounds like an ingrown toenail. This condition occurs when the edge of the toenail grows into the surrounding skin, leading to pain, swelling, and sometimes infection. Here are some recommendations:
1. Proper Nail Trimming: Always cut your toenails straight across and avoid rounding the edges. This helps prevent the nail from growing into the skin.

2. Foot Hygiene: Keep your feet clean and dry. Regularly wash your feet and dry them thoroughly, especially between the toes.

3. Footwear: Wear shoes that fit properly and provide adequate space for your toes. Tight shoes can exacerbate the problem.

4. Soaking and Care: Soaking your feet in warm water can help reduce swelling and pain. After soaking, gently lift the edge of the ingrown nail if possible, and place a small piece of cotton or dental floss under it to encourage it to grow above the skin.

5. Medical Intervention: If the ingrown toenail is recurrent or infected, you may need to see a podiatrist. They can provide treatments such as partial nail removal or other procedures to alleviate the issue.

In summary, layered nails and ingrown toenails can often be managed with proper care and attention. However, if symptoms persist or worsen, seeking professional medical advice is crucial for effective treatment and management.

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