Spasticity and Pain Management After Neurosurgery - Neurosurgery

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Stiff Person Syndrome


Dear Dr.
Chang Jun-Wei,
I am a patient who has consulted at multiple hospitals and undergone a series of tests including blood biochemistry, 24-hour urine analysis, and peripheral nerve examinations, which included sensory and motor evoked potentials, sensory and motor nerve conduction studies, autonomic nervous system assessments, and F-wave testing.
I also underwent anti-nuclear antibody screening, rheumatoid factor testing via immunoturbidimetry, erythrocyte sedimentation rate measurement, and Fabry disease screening for females.
Additionally, I had an electroencephalogram and used a reflex hammer to check my reflexes.

The results indicated possible errors in muscle tone, abnormal porphyrins in urine, elevated sympathetic nervous activity, and reduced parasympathetic nervous activity, while other results appeared normal.
The physician prescribed a multitude of medications including morphine, high-dose analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs, muscle relaxants, arthritis medications, neuropathic agents, anxiolytics, sleep aids, antispasmodics, and anticonvulsants (such as Lyrica, Gabapentin, Pregabalin, Stanozolol, Duloxetine, Rifampicin, Dexamethasone, Esomeprazole, Baclofen, Urokinase, and Dexamethasone).
I also purchased TKTX topical anesthetic, Salonpas, and Yunnan Baiyao on my own.
Currently, my body's muscles, joints, tendons, and nerves continue to experience spastic rigidity, and the remaining soft tissues are deteriorating, making it difficult to cope.
Despite using all prescribed medications, including morphine and high-dose analgesics, I find myself at a loss, with no further options available.
I have consulted various departments including neurology, rehabilitation, pain management, psychiatry at National Taiwan University Hospital, and the neurology department at the Lin Sen branch of the United Hospital, as well as the neurosurgery departments at Veterans General Hospital and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital.
I have raised concerns about potential medical negligence during the surgery for the intraventricular meningioma at National Taiwan University Hospital, which may have led to my limbs becoming spastically rigid, causing severe pain, tightness, rigidity, and cramping, akin to paralysis.
The left hemisphere of my brain is severely compromised, encroaching upon the right hemisphere, with less than one centimeter remaining.
There seems to be damage to the brainstem, and I am experiencing facial joint dysfunction and nerve pain in my teeth, making it difficult to consume anything other than liquid food.
Dr.
Wei, the director of the neurosurgery department and deputy director of the cancer center at Chang Gung Hospital, who also leads the brain tumor team, has stated that central nervous system injuries can indeed affect peripheral nerves, necessitating long-term rehabilitation and pain management.
Although Dr.
Wang from National Taiwan University Hospital initially considered it a conversion disorder, a recent diagnostic certificate has classified my condition as Category VII [b735.2], with an ICD diagnosis of D49.6 [05], confirming that I am currently wheelchair-bound and unable to walk, requiring assistance for daily activities and lacking work capability.
Dr.
Chen from the neurology department at the Lin Sen branch of the United Hospital has confirmed that severe brain injuries can lead to spastic rigidity in the limbs due to damage to the brain and brainstem.
Dr.
Pan from Veterans General Hospital and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital has acknowledged the extrapyramidal symptoms, aligning with Dr.
Chen's assessment.
Dr.
Lin, who practices both Western and traditional Chinese medicine, recognizes this as pain due to wind, cold, dampness, and heat, affecting the soft tissues of muscles, joints, tendons, and nerves.
Regarding the spastic rigidity and pain-induced paralysis resulting from the surgery for the intraventricular meningioma, I would like to inquire if there are higher doses of anesthetic analgesics (40%) or antispasmodics available that could temporarily alleviate the spastic rigidity, aside from the medications mentioned above.
Additionally, is there a possibility for the injured central nervous system to repair itself and improve over time, beyond the limited mobility of walking or using the restroom, which I consider rehabilitation?
Thank you for your guidance.

Xiao Ying, 30~39 year old female. Ask Date: 2019/05/14

Dr. Zhang Junwei reply Neurosurgery


Your question is too complex to be answered online based solely on the information you provided.

Reply Date: 2019/05/14

More Info


Spasticity and pain management after neurosurgery can be a challenging and complex issue, especially for patients who have undergone significant procedures such as the removal of a meningioma in the brain. Your situation, characterized by severe spasticity, pain, and functional limitations, is understandably distressing.
Spasticity is a condition where certain muscles are continuously contracted, leading to stiffness or tightness of the muscles and affecting movement. This can occur after neurosurgery due to damage to the central nervous system (CNS), which can disrupt the normal signaling pathways that control muscle tone and movement. The pain you are experiencing, along with the spasticity, can significantly impact your quality of life and daily functioning.

From your description, it appears that you have undergone extensive evaluations and treatments, including a wide range of medications such as opioids, muscle relaxants, anti-inflammatory drugs, and anticonvulsants. While these medications can provide relief for some patients, they may not be effective for everyone, especially in cases of severe spasticity and pain following CNS injury.

1. Medication Adjustments: It may be beneficial to consult with a pain management specialist or a neurologist who specializes in spasticity management. They might consider adjusting your current medication regimen or introducing new treatments. For example, medications like baclofen or tizanidine are commonly used to manage spasticity. In some cases, intrathecal baclofen therapy (delivering medication directly into the spinal fluid) may be an option for severe spasticity that does not respond to oral medications.

2. Physical Therapy: Engaging in a structured physical therapy program can also be crucial. A physical therapist can work with you to develop a tailored exercise program that focuses on stretching, strengthening, and improving mobility. Techniques such as neuromuscular re-education and functional training can help in regaining some level of independence.

3. Occupational Therapy: An occupational therapist can assist you in adapting your daily activities and environment to accommodate your current abilities, helping you maintain as much independence as possible.

4. Alternative Therapies: Some patients find relief through alternative therapies such as acupuncture, massage therapy, or transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). While the evidence for these treatments can vary, they may provide additional options for pain relief.

5. Surgical Options: In cases where spasticity is severe and resistant to medical management, surgical options such as selective dorsal rhizotomy or orthopedic procedures to address muscle tightness may be considered. These interventions aim to reduce spasticity and improve function.

6. Psychological Support: Given the emotional and psychological toll that chronic pain and disability can take, it may be beneficial to seek support from a mental health professional. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can help in managing the psychological aspects of chronic pain and improving coping strategies.

Regarding the potential for recovery of the injured central nervous system, it is important to note that while some degree of recovery is possible, it can vary widely among individuals. Neuroplasticity, the brain's ability to reorganize itself, plays a crucial role in recovery after CNS injuries. Engaging in rehabilitation and maintaining a positive outlook can facilitate this process.

In conclusion, managing spasticity and pain after neurosurgery requires a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach. It is essential to work closely with your healthcare team to explore all available options and find a treatment plan that works best for you. Your situation is complex, and ongoing communication with your medical providers will be key to navigating your recovery journey.

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