Periodontal Disease: Symptoms, Treatment, and Oral Hygiene Tips

Periodontal disease-related issues?

Hello, Doctor: Recently, I experienced swelling in the gums of my lower left tooth, along with biting pain and the development of an abscess.
Due to the difficulty in making an appointment with the dentist, I delayed seeking treatment for some time.
By the time I did see the dentist, the pain had diminished.
After examination, the dentist diagnosed me with periodontal disease and took X-rays.
After a dental cleaning, the dentist did not mention anything specific, only advising me to improve my oral hygiene by brushing my teeth after every meal in addition to brushing after breakfast, lunch, and dinner.
I would like to ask the doctor: Is periodontal disease caused by bacterial erosion of the teeth? After a dental cleaning, are the bacteria still present? Can it spread to other teeth or to other people? Will it get better? Additionally, when the dentist advises brushing after meals, should I use toothpaste or is rinsing with water sufficient? Should I brush my teeth after consuming anything, including fruits and medications? (My usual habit is to brush with toothpaste in the morning and before bed, and to rinse my mouth after eating.) Thank you for your guidance!

Lin, 40~49 year old female. Ask Date: 2019/05/24

Dr. Huang Tingfang reply Dentistry

Dear Miss Lin,
Hello! (Swelling of the lower left gum and pain upon biting) Based on your description, it appears to be quite severe periodontal disease! Thorough treatment is necessary, and cleaning is even more important! Bacteria are ubiquitous! You should brush your teeth after eating! Therefore, try to limit snacks! If you have sensitive teeth, you can use fluoride toothpaste; otherwise, rinsing with plain water is sufficient! Take care!
Wishing you peace and health!
Sincerely,
Dr.
Huang Ting-Fang, Dentistry

Reply Date: 2019/05/24

More Info

Periodontal disease, commonly known as gum disease, is a serious condition that affects the gums and the supporting structures of the teeth. It is primarily caused by the accumulation of plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that forms on the teeth. If left untreated, periodontal disease can lead to tooth loss and has been linked to other health issues, including heart disease and diabetes.

Symptoms of Periodontal Disease
The symptoms of periodontal disease can vary but often include:
1. Swollen or Red Gums: Healthy gums should be firm and pink. If your gums are swollen, red, or tender, it may indicate inflammation.

2. Bleeding Gums: If your gums bleed when brushing or flossing, this is a common sign of periodontal disease.

3. Persistent Bad Breath: Chronic bad breath (halitosis) can be a sign of gum disease.

4. Receding Gums: Gums that pull away from the teeth can expose more of the tooth or its root.

5. Loose Teeth: Advanced periodontal disease can lead to tooth mobility or loss.

6. Pus Between Teeth and Gums: This can indicate an infection.

Treatment Options
The treatment for periodontal disease typically involves:
1. Professional Cleaning: This includes scaling and root planing, which removes plaque and tartar from below the gum line.

2. Improved Oral Hygiene: Patients are advised to brush twice a day and floss daily. Using an antibacterial mouthwash can also help reduce bacteria.

3. Regular Dental Check-ups: Regular visits to the dentist for cleanings and check-ups are crucial for managing periodontal disease.

4. Surgical Treatments: In severe cases, surgical procedures may be necessary to restore supportive tissues.

Oral Hygiene Tips
To effectively manage and prevent periodontal disease, consider the following oral hygiene tips:
1. Brush Properly: Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste. Brush at least twice a day, ideally after meals.

2. Floss Daily: Flossing helps remove food particles and plaque from between the teeth and under the gum line where a toothbrush can't reach.

3. Use Mouthwash: An antibacterial mouthwash can help reduce plaque and gingivitis.

4. Stay Hydrated: Drinking water helps wash away food particles and bacteria.

5. Avoid Tobacco: Smoking or using tobacco products can worsen gum disease and hinder healing.

Addressing Your Concerns
Regarding your specific questions:
1. Post-Cleaning Bacteria: After a professional cleaning, while the majority of harmful bacteria are removed, it is important to maintain good oral hygiene to prevent their return. Bacteria can re-colonize, so regular brushing and flossing are essential.

2. Transmission of Bacteria: Periodontal disease is not contagious in the traditional sense, meaning it cannot be "caught" from another person. However, sharing utensils or engaging in close contact can transfer bacteria that contribute to gum disease.

3. Will It Get Better?: Yes, with proper treatment and diligent oral hygiene, periodontal disease can be managed and even reversed in its early stages. However, advanced cases may require more intensive treatment.

4. Brushing After Eating: It is recommended to brush your teeth after meals to remove food particles and plaque. You can use toothpaste for this, but if you are unable to brush immediately, rinsing with water can help. Ideally, wait at least 30 minutes after eating acidic foods before brushing to protect your enamel.

5. Brushing with Toothpaste or Water: Using toothpaste is beneficial as it contains fluoride, which helps strengthen teeth and prevent decay. However, rinsing with water after eating is better than not cleaning your teeth at all.

6. Brushing After Every Snack: While it may not be practical to brush after every single snack, aim to brush after meals and at least rinse your mouth after snacks to minimize plaque buildup.

In conclusion, managing periodontal disease requires a combination of professional dental care and diligent personal oral hygiene. By following your dentist's recommendations and maintaining a consistent oral care routine, you can significantly improve your gum health and overall oral hygiene. If you have further concerns, don't hesitate to consult your dentist for personalized advice and treatment options.

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