Side Effects of Emergency Contraceptive Pills: Is It Menstruation?

Side effects of emergency contraception?

On June 29, there was unprotected intercourse without ejaculation.
Three hours later, emergency contraception was taken.
Today, July 5, there is brown discharge when wiping the vagina, and the abdomen has felt bloated since taking the medication.
Is this menstruation, or could it be bleeding caused by the side effects of the emergency contraception? Is the bleeding from side effects considered menstruation? What is the likelihood of pregnancy in this situation?

Niming, 10~19 year old female. Ask Date: 2019/07/05

Dr. Huang Jianzhong reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

On June 29, there was unprotected intercourse without ejaculation.
Three hours later, emergency contraception was taken.
Today, July 5, there is brown discharge when wiping the vagina, and the abdomen has been bloated since taking the medication.
Is this menstruation, or is it bleeding caused by the side effects of the emergency contraception? Does the side effect bleeding count as a period? What is the likelihood of pregnancy in this situation? Also, when was the last menstrual period?

Reply Date: 2019/07/05

More Info

Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs), commonly referred to as "morning-after pills," are designed to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse. They are most effective when taken as soon as possible after the event, ideally within 72 hours, although some types can be effective up to 5 days later. The most common ECPs include levonorgestrel (Plan B One-Step) and ulipristal acetate (ella).
When you take ECPs, it is not uncommon to experience side effects, which can include nausea, fatigue, headache, dizziness, breast tenderness, and changes in your menstrual cycle. The brown discharge you mentioned could be a result of these side effects rather than an indication of your menstrual period.
The brown discharge is often old blood that is being expelled from the body, which can happen when hormonal changes occur due to the ECPs. This discharge can occur before your next expected period and is not necessarily a sign that your menstrual cycle has started. It is important to note that ECPs can cause your next period to be earlier, later, or heavier than usual.
As for the abdominal bloating you are experiencing, this is also a common side effect of ECPs. The hormonal changes induced by these medications can affect your gastrointestinal system, leading to sensations of bloating or discomfort.
Regarding the likelihood of pregnancy, if you took the emergency contraceptive pill within the recommended time frame, the chances of becoming pregnant are significantly reduced. However, no contraceptive method is 100% effective. If your next period is delayed by more than a week, it would be advisable to take a pregnancy test to confirm whether or not you are pregnant.
In summary, the brown discharge and bloating you are experiencing are likely side effects of the emergency contraceptive pill rather than signs of menstruation. It is essential to monitor your menstrual cycle and take a pregnancy test if your period is late. If you have further concerns or if the symptoms persist, consulting with a healthcare provider would be beneficial for personalized advice and reassurance.

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