Emergency Contraceptive Pills: Effects and Pregnancy Risks

Effectiveness of emergency contraception?

I had been taking emergency contraception for over a year, and I finished my last pack on August 30.
I stopped taking the medication this month.
My last pill was on August 30, and I got my period on September 2.
On the night of September 17, around 12-1 AM, I had unprotected intercourse with my boyfriend, but there was no ejaculation.
The next day, around 5 AM, I bought and took emergency contraception.
As of today, September 26, I have not experienced any bleeding.
Is this normal? What is the likelihood of pregnancy? I have heard that stopping emergency contraception may cause a delay in menstruation for one to two months; is this true? If my period does not come when it is due next time, should I take a pregnancy test or see a doctor?

Bbb, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2019/09/26

Dr. Huang Jianzhong reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

I had been taking emergency contraceptive pills for over a year, and I finished my last pack on August 30.
I stopped taking them this month.
My last pill was on September 2, and my period started on September 17.
On the night of September 17, around 12-1 AM, I had unprotected intercourse with my boyfriend, but there was no ejaculation.
The next day, around 5 AM, I bought and took emergency contraception.
As of today, September 26, I have not experienced any bleeding.
Is this normal?
Answer: Yes, this is normal.
Is the chance of pregnancy high?
Answer: The chance of pregnancy is not high.
I have heard that stopping emergency contraception can cause a delay in menstruation for one to two months; is this correct?
Answer: Not necessarily.
If my period does not come when it is expected, should I take a pregnancy test or see a doctor?
Answer: You should take a pregnancy test.

Reply Date: 2019/09/26

More Info

Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) are a crucial option for preventing unintended pregnancies after unprotected intercourse. Understanding their effects and the implications of stopping regular contraceptive methods is essential for anyone considering their use.

In your case, you mentioned that you had been taking regular contraceptive pills for over a year and stopped on August 30. After having unprotected sex on September 17, you took an emergency contraceptive pill the following morning. It’s important to note that ECPs are most effective when taken as soon as possible after unprotected intercourse, ideally within 72 hours, but they can be taken up to 5 days after, with decreasing efficacy over time.

Regarding your concerns about not experiencing withdrawal bleeding after taking the ECP, it’s not uncommon for some women to have irregular bleeding patterns after using ECPs. The hormonal content in ECPs can disrupt your normal menstrual cycle temporarily, leading to delayed or missed periods. This is particularly relevant since you recently stopped taking regular contraceptives, which can also affect your cycle.
The likelihood of pregnancy after taking ECPs is generally low, especially if taken within the recommended time frame. However, no contraceptive method is 100% effective. If your period does not arrive when expected, it is advisable to take a pregnancy test. Most home pregnancy tests are accurate if taken at least a week after your missed period. If the test is positive, or if you have any concerns, consulting with a healthcare provider is recommended for further evaluation and guidance.

As for the possibility of not having a period for one to two months after stopping regular contraceptive pills, this can happen. Hormonal contraceptives regulate your menstrual cycle, and stopping them can lead to a temporary disruption as your body readjusts to its natural hormonal rhythm. Some women may experience a delay in their menstrual cycle, while others may have irregular cycles for a few months.

In summary, while the absence of bleeding after taking ECPs can be concerning, it is not necessarily indicative of pregnancy, especially given the recent changes in your contraceptive use. If your next period does not arrive, taking a pregnancy test is a prudent step. Always feel free to reach out to your healthcare provider for personalized advice and support regarding your reproductive health, especially when navigating changes in contraceptive methods.

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