Can Taking Emergency Contraceptive Pills Cause Ovulation?

Taking pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) does not induce ovulation?

Hello, I have been taking the morning-after pill for nine months.
Last month, I did not engage in any sexual activity but continued taking the pills.
This month, I took the eleventh pill yesterday and had unprotected intercourse.
I noticed white discharge in my underwear, and I read online that it is possible to ovulate even while taking the morning-after pill.
I used a period tracking app and found that yesterday was supposedly my ovulation period.
However, I have been taking the pills for almost a year without missing any doses.
Is there a chance I could be pregnant? Additionally, sometimes I take the morning-after pill half an hour after having a late-night snack.
Will this affect its contraceptive effectiveness?

Niming, 10~19 year old female. Ask Date: 2019/11/19

Dr. Cao Guotao reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

Hello, you can start taking the contraceptive pill on the fifth day of your menstrual period.
It doesn't have to be taken at the exact same time; a general timeframe is sufficient.
As long as you take it regularly, it will be effective for contraception, so you shouldn't worry about becoming pregnant.
Taking the emergency contraceptive pill half an hour after a late-night snack will not affect its efficacy.
Wishing you good health!

Reply Date: 2019/11/19

More Info

Taking emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) can indeed be a source of confusion regarding their mechanism of action and their effectiveness in preventing ovulation. To clarify, ECPs are designed to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse, and they work primarily by inhibiting or delaying ovulation. However, if ovulation has already occurred, ECPs are less effective, and their primary role is to prevent fertilization or implantation of a fertilized egg.

In your case, you mentioned that you have been taking a regular contraceptive pill for nine months and that you had unprotected intercourse on what you identified as your ovulation day. If you have been consistent with your contraceptive regimen and have not missed any doses, the likelihood of ovulation occurring is significantly reduced. Most combination oral contraceptives work by suppressing ovulation, thickening cervical mucus, and thinning the endometrial lining, making it less conducive for implantation.

Regarding your concern about whether taking the emergency contraceptive pill after having unprotected intercourse could lead to ovulation, it is important to note that if you have been taking your regular contraceptive pills as directed, the chances of ovulation occurring are minimal. However, if you are concerned about the timing of your unprotected intercourse in relation to your ovulation cycle, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare provider for personalized advice.

As for the timing of taking your emergency contraceptive pill, it is generally recommended to take it as soon as possible after unprotected intercourse for maximum effectiveness. Taking it within 72 hours is ideal, and while taking it after a meal may not significantly impact its effectiveness, it is best to follow the instructions provided with the medication. If you have any doubts or experience any side effects, it is always a good idea to reach out to a healthcare professional.

In summary, if you have been diligent in taking your regular contraceptive pills, the risk of pregnancy is low, even if you had unprotected intercourse during what you believe to be your ovulation period. However, if you are still concerned about the possibility of pregnancy or have questions about your contraceptive method, it is best to consult with a healthcare provider who can provide you with tailored advice based on your specific situation. Additionally, if you experience any unusual symptoms or side effects from the emergency contraceptive pill, do not hesitate to seek medical attention.

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