Bartholin Cyst Rupture: Symptoms, Recovery, and Sexual Health

Bartholin gland cyst rupture?

Hello doctor, two weeks after my period ended, I noticed a small, swollen bump near the left side of my vaginal opening while showering.
Since I am currently abroad and unable to see a doctor, I thought it might resolve on its own, so I didn't take any action.
The next day, it seemed to burst on its own, and the left labia became swollen.
I felt discomfort while sitting, and during showers, the left labia felt a bit swollen and painful.
After more than a week of swelling, I couldn't stand it anymore, so I searched online and found that it resembled a Bartholin's gland cyst.
I bought some medication to apply to the external genital area once, and now the swelling has gone down, and I can't feel anything anymore.
I read online that if the pus isn't completely drained, it could block the gland's opening again and lead to recurrence, which makes me anxious.
I would like to ask the doctor how to know if the pus has completely drained.
Is recurrence common? Also, will not treating it and allowing it to heal on its own affect my sex life?

Kaili, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2019/11/24

Dr. Huang Jianzhong reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

Two weeks after my menstrual period, I noticed a small, swollen bump near the left side of my vaginal opening while showering.
Since I am currently abroad and unable to see a doctor, I thought it might resolve on its own, so I didn't take any action.
The next day, it seemed to burst on its own, and the left labia became swollen.
I felt discomfort while sitting, and during showers, the left labia felt a bit swollen and painful.
After more than a week of swelling, I couldn't stand it anymore, so I researched online and found that it resembled a Bartholin's gland cyst.
I bought some medication to apply to the external genitalia once, and now the swelling has subsided, and I no longer feel anything.
I read online that if the pus isn't completely drained, it could block the gland opening again and lead to recurrence, which makes me anxious.
I want to ask the doctor how to know if the pus has completely drained.

Answer: Whether the pus has drained completely can be determined through a physical examination.
Is recurrence likely?
Answer: Yes, recurrence is possible.
If it heals on its own without treatment, will it affect my sex life?
Answer: You should take antibiotics for 7 days.
After healing, it should not affect your sex life.

Reply Date: 2019/11/24

More Info

Bartholin cysts are fluid-filled sacs that can develop near the vaginal opening when the Bartholin glands, which are located on either side of the vaginal opening, become blocked. When these cysts rupture, they can cause discomfort, swelling, and sometimes pain in the surrounding areas, as you've experienced.
The symptoms you described—feeling a swollen area near the vaginal opening, discomfort while sitting, and pain during bathing—are typical of a ruptured Bartholin cyst. After the cyst ruptures, the fluid may drain, leading to a reduction in swelling and discomfort. However, it is crucial to ensure that the area is clean and that any potential infection is addressed.

Regarding your concerns about whether the pus has drained completely and the likelihood of recurrence, here are some insights:
1. Signs of Complete Drainage: If the swelling has significantly reduced and you no longer feel a firm lump or cyst-like structure, it is likely that the cyst has drained. However, if you notice persistent pain, redness, or a foul odor, these could be signs of an infection or that not all of the fluid has drained.

2. Risk of Recurrence: Bartholin cysts can recur, especially if the duct remains blocked. Factors that may contribute to blockage include infections, inflammation, or trauma to the area. If you have had a cyst before, there is a chance it could happen again, particularly if the underlying cause is not addressed.

3. Impact on Sexual Health: If the cyst has resolved and you are no longer experiencing pain or discomfort, it is unlikely to affect your sexual health. However, if you experience pain during intercourse or any other symptoms, it would be advisable to seek medical attention. Pain during sexual activity can be a sign of underlying issues that may need to be addressed.

4. Self-Healing: It is possible for a ruptured Bartholin cyst to heal on its own, especially if there is no infection. Keeping the area clean and avoiding irritants can help facilitate healing. However, if symptoms persist or worsen, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional, even if you are currently abroad.

5. When to Seek Medical Attention: If you notice any of the following symptoms, it is advisable to seek medical care:
- Persistent swelling or pain
- Fever or chills, which may indicate an infection
- Discharge that is foul-smelling or unusual
- Difficulty walking or sitting due to pain
In conclusion, while it seems that your cyst may have resolved on its own, monitoring your symptoms is crucial. If you experience any concerning signs or if the cyst recurs, it would be wise to consult a healthcare provider for further evaluation and management. Maintaining good hygiene and being aware of your body’s signals will help you manage your sexual health effectively.

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