Mitral Valve Insufficiency: Treatment, Concerns, and Lifestyle Tips

Valvular insufficiency

After checking the electrocardiogram and ultrasound, the doctor said that three of my four heart valves have moderate regurgitation.
However, he did not specify which three valves are affected.
Last week, during my first visit to the cardiologist, the doctor prescribed Propranolol 10 mg.
This week, I have a cold and cough, and the doctor switched my medication to Herbesser 30 mg.
The doctor mentioned that my body has been used for 36 years and is damaged, which cannot be healed, and that I can only prevent further deterioration.
He advised me to take the medication.
1.
Could you please explain the purpose of taking this medication? Is it for maintenance, or is it to alleviate chest pain symptoms?
2.
Will I need to take this medication for life? Are there any potential side effects? What would happen if I do not take the medication?
3.
What heart problems can result from regurgitation? How often should I have follow-up appointments?
4.
Are there any dietary or exercise restrictions or recommendations? I have many concerns due to my lack of understanding, and I appreciate the doctor's patient explanations.

Ms. Chen, 30~39 year old female. Ask Date: 2019/12/13

Dr. He Dongjin reply Cardiology

Hello, your inquiry is unclear, and I do not understand which three types of incompetence you are referring to.
I apologize for not being able to provide suitable advice.
I recommend discussing this with your attending physician during your next visit.
Changhua Hospital cares about your well-being.

Reply Date: 2019/12/13

More Info

Mitral valve insufficiency, also known as mitral regurgitation, occurs when the mitral valve does not close properly, allowing blood to flow backward into the left atrium when the left ventricle contracts. This condition can lead to various complications, including heart enlargement, heart failure, and arrhythmias. Understanding your diagnosis and treatment options is crucial for managing your health effectively.

1. Purpose of Medication
The medications prescribed, such as Propranolol and Herbesser (which is likely a beta-blocker), serve multiple purposes. Primarily, they help manage symptoms associated with mitral valve insufficiency, such as chest pain and palpitations. Beta-blockers work by slowing down the heart rate and reducing the workload on the heart, which can alleviate symptoms and improve overall heart function. While these medications do not cure the underlying valve issue, they can help maintain a stable condition and prevent further deterioration.

2. Lifelong Medication and Side Effects
In many cases, individuals with mitral valve insufficiency may need to take medication for an extended period, potentially for life. The goal is to manage symptoms and reduce the risk of complications. However, it is essential to have regular follow-ups with your healthcare provider to monitor your condition and adjust medications as necessary.
As for side effects, beta-blockers can cause fatigue, dizziness, and in some cases, respiratory issues. It is crucial to communicate any side effects you experience to your doctor, as they may need to adjust your dosage or switch you to a different medication. If you choose not to take your prescribed medication, you may experience worsening symptoms, increased risk of heart failure, and other complications related to your heart condition.

3. Implications of Insufficiency
Mitral valve insufficiency can lead to several heart-related issues, including:
- Heart Enlargement: The left atrium may enlarge due to the increased volume of blood it receives, which can lead to atrial fibrillation.

- Heart Failure: Over time, the heart may struggle to pump effectively, leading to heart failure symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and fluid retention.

- Arrhythmias: The structural changes in the heart can predispose you to irregular heartbeats, which can be serious.

The frequency of follow-up visits depends on the severity of your condition and your symptoms. Generally, patients with moderate mitral valve insufficiency may need to see their cardiologist every 6 to 12 months, but your doctor will provide specific recommendations based on your situation.

4. Dietary and Exercise Recommendations
Lifestyle modifications play a significant role in managing mitral valve insufficiency. Here are some general guidelines:
- Diet:
- Low Sodium: Reducing sodium intake can help manage blood pressure and decrease fluid retention.

- Heart-Healthy Foods: Incorporate fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats into your diet. Foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as fish, can be beneficial.

- Limit Alcohol: Excessive alcohol can exacerbate heart issues, so moderation is key.

- Exercise:
- Regular physical activity is essential for heart health. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise per week, such as walking, swimming, or cycling. However, consult your doctor before starting any new exercise regimen, especially if you experience significant symptoms.

- Avoid high-intensity workouts or activities that put excessive strain on your heart without medical clearance.

Conclusion
Understanding your condition and the rationale behind your treatment plan is vital for managing mitral valve insufficiency effectively. Regular follow-ups, adherence to medication, and lifestyle modifications can significantly improve your quality of life and reduce the risk of complications. Always feel free to discuss any concerns or questions with your healthcare provider, as they can provide personalized advice and support tailored to your specific needs.

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