Pregnancy Concerns: Risks and Symptoms with PCOS

Pregnancy issues

Hello, Doctor.

1.
My period just ended on January 16, but I had sexual intercourse with my boyfriend on January 20.
The condom broke, and he ejaculated inside me.
I took the emergency contraceptive pill (Plan B) 30 minutes to 1 hour later.
Is there still a chance of pregnancy? I have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

2.
Is it normal to feel a slight nausea after taking the emergency contraceptive pill?
3.
Can polycystic ovary syndrome lead to infertility?

An, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2020/01/21

Dr. Huang Yuande reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

Thank you for your question.
Emergency contraceptive pills should be taken within 48 hours after intercourse, and they are over 95% effective in preventing pregnancy, so the chances of becoming pregnant are very low.
However, high doses of emergency contraceptive pills can indeed cause discomfort such as nausea, vomiting, and edema.

Reply Date: 2020/01/21

More Info

When it comes to pregnancy concerns, especially for individuals with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), understanding the associated risks and symptoms is crucial. Let's address your questions systematically.

1. Risk of Pregnancy After Unprotected Intercourse: Given that you had unprotected intercourse on January 20th and took emergency contraception (Plan B) within an hour, the likelihood of pregnancy is significantly reduced. Emergency contraceptive pills are most effective when taken as soon as possible after unprotected intercourse, ideally within 72 hours. However, they can still be effective up to 5 days after the event, though their efficacy decreases over time. Since you took the pill promptly, you have a good chance of preventing pregnancy.
2. Side Effects of Emergency Contraception: It is common to experience mild side effects after taking emergency contraception, including nausea, fatigue, headache, and changes in your menstrual cycle. A slight feeling of nausea or "slight retching" is a normal reaction to the hormonal changes induced by the medication. If the nausea becomes severe or you experience other concerning symptoms, it would be wise to consult a healthcare provider.

3. PCOS and Infertility: PCOS is a common hormonal disorder that can affect ovulation and fertility. Many women with PCOS may experience irregular menstrual cycles, which can make it more challenging to conceive. However, having PCOS does not mean that you will be infertile. Many women with PCOS can and do conceive, sometimes with the help of lifestyle changes, medications, or assisted reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization (IVF).
To improve your chances of conception, it is advisable to manage your PCOS effectively. This may include maintaining a healthy weight, regular exercise, and possibly medications such as metformin or hormonal treatments to regulate your menstrual cycle and improve ovulation. Consulting with a fertility specialist or an endocrinologist who specializes in PCOS can provide you with tailored advice and treatment options.

In summary, while there are risks associated with PCOS and potential challenges in conceiving, many women with this condition can achieve pregnancy with appropriate management and care. If you have ongoing concerns about your menstrual cycle, fertility, or the effects of emergency contraception, it is essential to discuss these with your healthcare provider for personalized guidance and support.

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