Menstrual Delay: Causes and Effects of Frequent Intercourse and Emergency Contraception

Menstrual delay

Hello, doctor.
I would like to ask about my girlfriend's menstrual cycle.
Her last period started on January 7 and ended on January 13, with an expected ovulation date on January 18.
We had frequent sexual intercourse this month on the 19th, 20th, 21st, 26th, 30th, and 31st.
On the 26th, we had unprotected sex but did not ejaculate inside.
Afterward, I was concerned and took an emergency contraceptive pill (Ella) immediately.
Her next period is expected on February 4, but it has now been delayed by three days.
Previously, on December 7, we had an incident where the condom broke, and she took the emergency contraceptive pill afterward, which caused her period to come four days early.
Now, with this delay of three days, I am quite worried.
I would like to know why her period might be delayed this time and whether frequent sexual intercourse can cause a delay in menstruation.
Also, does the emergency contraceptive pill typically cause periods to come earlier or later?

Niming, 10~19 year old female. Ask Date: 2020/02/07

Dr. Cao Guotao reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

Hello, emergency contraceptive pills can sometimes cause irregular menstruation.
It's best to use contraceptive measures at all times.
If your period doesn't arrive after a week, it's advisable to see a gynecologist.
Wishing you good health.

Reply Date: 2020/02/07

More Info

Understanding menstrual delay can be complex, especially when considering factors such as frequent intercourse and the use of emergency contraception. In your case, your girlfriend's menstrual cycle has been affected by several variables, including the timing of her last period, the frequency of sexual activity, and the use of emergency contraception (EC).

Firstly, let's address the menstrual cycle. A typical menstrual cycle lasts between 21 to 35 days, with an average of 28 days. However, cycles can vary significantly from month to month due to various factors, including stress, hormonal fluctuations, changes in routine, and even diet. In your girlfriend's case, her last menstrual period started on January 7 and ended on January 13, with an expected ovulation around January 18. Given the frequency of sexual intercourse during this cycle, it is possible that the combination of physical and emotional factors could influence her menstrual timing.

Regarding the use of emergency contraception, such as the "morning-after pill" (like the one you mentioned, "愉婷"), it is designed to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse. However, it can also affect the menstrual cycle. Emergency contraceptive pills can cause changes in the timing of the next period, leading to either an earlier or a delayed onset. In some cases, women may experience their period earlier than expected, while in other instances, it may be delayed. This variability is due to the high doses of hormones in these pills, which can disrupt the normal hormonal balance and affect the menstrual cycle.

In your situation, since your girlfriend took the emergency contraception after unprotected intercourse on January 26, it is plausible that this could be a contributing factor to her delayed period. The delay of three days is not uncommon after taking EC, and it does not necessarily indicate pregnancy, especially since you mentioned there was no ejaculation during intercourse.

As for the concern about frequent sexual activity causing menstrual delays, while there is no direct scientific evidence linking frequent intercourse to delayed menstruation, the stress and anxiety surrounding sexual activity, potential pregnancy, and the use of contraception can certainly influence hormonal levels and, consequently, the menstrual cycle. Stress is known to affect the hypothalamus, which plays a critical role in regulating the menstrual cycle.

If your girlfriend's period does not arrive soon, it would be advisable for her to take a pregnancy test to rule out pregnancy, especially given the history of unprotected intercourse and the use of emergency contraception. If the test is negative and her period still does not come, it may be wise to consult a healthcare provider to explore other potential causes for the delay, such as hormonal imbalances or other underlying health issues.

In summary, menstrual delays can be influenced by a variety of factors, including hormonal changes from emergency contraception, stress from frequent sexual activity, and individual variations in menstrual cycles. It is essential to monitor the situation and seek medical advice if there are ongoing concerns.

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