How to Differentiate Between Anxiety and Cardiovascular Issues in Chest Pain? - Cardiology

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How can one distinguish whether chest tightness is due to emotional issues or cardiovascular problems?


About a month ago, I started noticing a sensation of chest tightness.
Here is a record of my medical visits: The next day, I went to a cardiology clinic for an electrocardiogram (ECG).
The doctor noted that my pulse was a bit fast but indicated there was no major issue (medication was prescribed, but I was told it was okay not to take it unless I felt really uncomfortable).
Two days later, I visited a large hospital's pulmonology department for an X-ray and pulmonary function tests (which involved breathing exercises), and again, no issues were found (no medication was prescribed).
Three days later, I went to a gastroenterology clinic for an abdominal ultrasound, which revealed gastrointestinal bloating and signs of inflammation, and medication was prescribed for treatment.
Five days later, I visited the gastroenterology department at a large hospital; after the consultation, the doctor believed I had mild acute gastritis and irritable bowel syndrome, advising me not to worry and just to take the medication (however, I was still taking the medication prescribed by the previous clinic and did not combine medications).
Six days later, I returned to the gastroenterology clinic for a follow-up, where I underwent an endoscopy and biopsy.
It confirmed inflammation in the stomach but no bleeding, and I was prescribed a proton pump inhibitor and other medications for gastritis.
One week and six days later, I had a follow-up at the gastroenterology clinic.
Two weeks and six days later, I returned to the gastroenterology clinic, at which point the previous biopsy report indicated no Helicobacter pylori infection, a small area of inflammation, and slight traces of a gastric ulcer.
Three weeks and a few days later, due to persistent chest tightness, I visited the cardiology department at a large hospital again.
After an ECG, the doctor listened to my pulse and concluded there was no major issue, advising me to go home (no medication was prescribed).
Three weeks and six days later, I returned to the gastroenterology clinic.
Additionally, I have been attending counseling sessions at my school, but so far, the chest tightness has not significantly improved.
-------------------------Lifestyle Habits--------------------------
I have been vegetarian since birth, currently weighing 65 kg and standing 174 cm tall, and I generally do not eat eggs.
My exercise habits are irregular, but my physical condition is acceptable; during this period, I have jogged 1.5 kilometers on a treadmill without feeling dizzy or faint.
My sleep schedule has been irregular, often going to bed around 2 to 3 AM.
After the chest tightness began, I experienced a few nights of sleeplessness due to excessive worry, but I have since adjusted to napping during the day.
Currently, I follow my doctor's advice and generally go to bed before midnight.
I have a history of gastrointestinal issues, often experiencing diarrhea, especially when I am anxious about exams (my father and grandfather have similar issues).
There is a family history of depression and panic disorders, but I do not feel suicidal; rather, I am more likely to panic about my health.
Recently, I have not encountered any major life changes.
There is a family history of gastric perforation, which has since healed.
-------------------------Chest Tightness and Other Issues--------------------------
1.
I cannot determine if the chest tightness is related to anxiety; it is somewhat difficult to define.
I would say that since I became aware of the chest tightness, I have been quite anxious, leading to a sort of chicken-and-egg situation.
2.
The chest tightness is most pronounced after dinner, with few occurrences during the day, even after exercise.
It often happens at night.
3.
During a blood pressure measurement at the large hospital, a rapid pulse was noted, with rates ranging from 90 to 101.
My blood pressure was recorded at 81/133.
The doctor advised me not to worry too much, stating that fluctuations are quite normal.
Three days later, my blood pressure was measured at 74/118, with a pulse of 97.
Should I continue to follow up with cardiology, or is there another course of action I should take?
4.
Each time I become aware of the chest tightness, I feel the urge to perform chest expansion exercises and deep breathing.
5.
How can I distinguish whether the chest tightness is due to excessive stress or anxiety, or if it is genuinely related to a heart issue? Is there a clear method for differentiation? Under what circumstances should I return to the hospital for further examination?
6.
Initially, the chest tightness was accompanied by a burning sensation, which disappeared immediately after taking the proton pump inhibitor, but the tightness remained.
The gastroenterologist suggested that it could be due to bloating pressing against the diaphragm, leading to chest tightness.
7.
Should the doctor recommend that I consult other specialties or undergo additional tests (such as thyroid testing)? I have provided as much detail as possible about my condition, and I appreciate your response.

Matsu, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2020/03/22

Dr. He Dongjin reply Cardiology


Hello, you might be overthinking it; it should be fine.
Given that you've had multiple check-ups over the years with no issues, the likelihood of a heart problem is low.
Try to relax and get out to exercise more.
Changhua Hospital cares about you.

Reply Date: 2020/03/22

More Info


Differentiating between anxiety and cardiovascular issues in the context of chest pain can be quite challenging, especially when symptoms overlap. Your situation, characterized by persistent chest discomfort, has prompted a thorough investigation across multiple specialties, including cardiology and gastroenterology. Here’s a comprehensive approach to understanding your symptoms and determining the next steps.


Understanding Chest Pain
Chest pain can arise from various sources, including the heart, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and even psychological factors. Given your history of gastrointestinal issues, including gastritis and possible irritable bowel syndrome, it’s plausible that some of your chest discomfort may be related to these conditions. The diaphragm, which separates the chest and abdominal cavities, can be affected by gastrointestinal distension or inflammation, leading to sensations that may mimic cardiac pain.


Cardiovascular Considerations
Your cardiology evaluations, including ECGs and assessments of heart function, have not indicated significant abnormalities. The heart rate you mentioned (ranging from 90 to 101 bpm) can be considered elevated, especially if you were at rest, but it is not uncommon for individuals experiencing anxiety or stress to have increased heart rates. The absence of significant ischemic changes in your heart tests suggests that major cardiovascular issues are less likely.


Anxiety and Stress
Anxiety can manifest physically, leading to symptoms such as chest tightness, palpitations, and shortness of breath. Your description of increased chest discomfort after meals and during periods of stress aligns with anxiety-related symptoms. The psychological aspect is further supported by your family history of anxiety disorders and your own experiences of stress-induced gastrointestinal symptoms.


Differentiating Factors
1. Timing and Triggers: If your chest discomfort is predominantly occurring after meals or during stressful situations, it may lean more towards gastrointestinal or anxiety-related causes. Keeping a symptom diary can help identify patterns and triggers.

2. Associated Symptoms: Pay attention to other symptoms accompanying your chest discomfort. If you experience palpitations, sweating, or feelings of impending doom, these may suggest anxiety. Conversely, if you experience shortness of breath, dizziness, or radiating pain, it may warrant further cardiovascular evaluation.

3. Response to Treatment: You mentioned that the burning sensation subsided with the use of a proton pump inhibitor, which suggests that some of your discomfort may be related to acid reflux or gastritis. If the chest tightness persists despite gastrointestinal treatment, it may require further cardiac evaluation.

4. Physical Activity: You noted that you can engage in physical activity without feeling faint or experiencing severe discomfort. This is a positive sign, as cardiac issues often manifest during exertion.


Next Steps
1. Follow-Up with Cardiology: Given your ongoing symptoms, it may be beneficial to continue follow-ups with a cardiologist, especially if your symptoms change or worsen. Consider asking for a Holter monitor to assess your heart rhythm over a longer period.

2. Psychological Support: Since anxiety appears to be a significant factor, engaging in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or other forms of psychological support may help manage your symptoms. Techniques such as mindfulness and relaxation exercises can also be beneficial.

3. Lifestyle Modifications: Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, a balanced diet, and adequate sleep, can help manage both anxiety and gastrointestinal symptoms. Avoiding caffeine and other stimulants may also reduce anxiety-related symptoms.

4. Further Investigations: If symptoms persist, consider discussing with your healthcare provider the possibility of additional tests, such as thyroid function tests, to rule out other underlying conditions.


Conclusion
In summary, while your symptoms may stem from a combination of anxiety and gastrointestinal issues, ongoing monitoring and a multidisciplinary approach can help clarify the underlying causes. Keeping an open line of communication with your healthcare providers and actively participating in your care will be crucial in managing your symptoms effectively. If you experience any new or worsening symptoms, do not hesitate to seek immediate medical attention.

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